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References from T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in myelodysplastic syndromes: function, dysfunction, and therapeutic potential. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: Myeloid and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms
10.1038/s41375-022-01613-1 · 2022 · External reference
International consensus classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias: Integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data
10.1182/blood.2022015850 · 2022 · External reference
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management
10.1002/ajh.26984 · 2023 · External reference
Molecular international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1056/evidoa2200008 · 2022 · External reference
Validation of the molecular international prognostic scoring system in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes defined by international consensus classification
10.1038/s41408-023-00894-8 · 2023 · External reference
Imetelstat in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes who have relapsed or are refractory to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (IMerge): A multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01724-5 · 2024 · External reference
Luspatercept for patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1182/bloodadvances.2025017611 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy of azacitidine compared with that of conventional care regimens in the treatment of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: A randomised, open-label, phase III study
10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70003-8 · 2009 · External reference
Oral decitabine-cedazuridine versus intravenous decitabine for myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (ASCERTAIN): A registrational, randomised, crossover, pharmacokinetics, phase 3 study
10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00338-1 · 2024 · External reference
Final phase 1 substudy results of ivosidenib for patients with mutant IDH1 relapsed/refractory myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012302 · 2024 · External reference
Hematopoietic cell transplantation in the management of myelodysplastic syndrome: An evidence-based review from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Committee on Practice Guidelines
10.1016/j.jtct.2022.11.014 · 2023 · External reference
The central role of inflammatory signaling in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1182/blood-2018-10-844654 · 2019 · External reference
Chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS pathogenesis
10.1182/blood-2018-03-784116 · 2018 · External reference
Immune dysregulation in myelodysplastic syndrome: Clinical features, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies
10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.013 · 2018 · External reference
Innate immune pathways and inflammation in hematopoietic aging, clonal hematopoiesis, and MDS
10.1084/jem.20201544 · 2021 · External reference
HLA-DR15 (DR2) is overrepresented in myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia and predicts a response to immunosuppression in myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1182/blood.v100.5.1570.h81702001570_1570_1574 · 2002 · External reference
Haematological response of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome to antithymocyte globulin is associated with a loss of lymphocyte-mediated inhibition of CFU-GM and alterations in T-cell receptor Vbeta profiles
10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.4423249.x · 1998 · External reference
Clinical spectrum, outcome and management of immune thrombocytopenia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
10.3324/haematol.2020.272559 · 2021 · External reference
CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
10.1182/blood-2007-01-067546 · 2007 · External reference
Expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells correlates with number of T regulatory cells and disease progression in myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1080/2162402x.2015.1062208 · 2016 · External reference
Reduced natural killer (NK) function associated with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and reduced expression of activating NK receptors
10.1182/blood-2006-07-035519 · 2007 · External reference
Human NK cells: Surface receptors, inhibitory checkpoints, and translational applications
10.1038/s41423-019-0206-4 · 2019 · External reference
Mapping the cellular biogeography of human bone marrow niches using single-cell transcriptomics and proteomic imaging
10.1101/2024.03.14.585083 · 2024 · External reference
Structural organization of the bone marrow and its role in hematopoiesis
10.1097/moh.0000000000000621 · 2021 · External reference
Combined single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal the molecular, cellular and spatial bone marrow niche organization
10.1038/s41556-019-0439-6 · 2020 · External reference
Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool by CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling in bone marrow stromal cell niches
10.1016/j.immuni.2006.10.016 · 2006 · External reference
Unlocking the regenerative key: Targeting stem cell factors for bone renewal
10.1177/20417314241287491 · 2024 · External reference
In situ mapping identifies distinct vascular niches for myelopoiesis
10.1038/s41586-021-03201-2 · 2021 · External reference
Clonal hematopoiesis and evolution to hematopoietic Malignancies
10.1016/j.stem.2018.01.011 · 2018 · External reference
Signaling pathways in chronic myeloid leukemia and leukemic stem cell maintenance: Key role of stromal microenvironment
10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.015 · 2012 · External reference
Notch signaling in vascular endothelial and mural cell communications
10.1101/cshperspect.a041159 · 2022 · External reference
Tet2 is required to resolve inflammation by recruiting Hdac2 to specifically repress IL-6
10.1038/nature15252 · 2015 · External reference
CRISPR-mediated gene editing to assess the roles of Tet2 and Dnmt3a in clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular disease
10.1161/circresaha.118.313225 · 2018 · External reference
Inflammatory stromal and T cells mediate human bone marrow niche remodeling in clonal hematopoiesis and myelodysplasia
10.1038/s41467-025-65803-y · 2025 · External reference
An inflammatory T-cell-stromal axis contributes to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell failure and clonal evolution in human myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1038/s41467-025-65802-z · 2025 · External reference
Pembrolizumab for myelodysplastic syndromes after failure of hypomethylating agents in the phase 1b KEYNOTE-013 study
10.1080/10428194.2022.2034155 · 2022 · External reference
MSCs with upregulated lipid metabolism block hematopoietic stem cell differentiation via exosomal CTP-1A in MDS
10.1186/s13287-025-04154-3 · 2025 · External reference
CXCL12+ stromal cells as bone marrow niche for CD34+ hematopoietic cells and their association with disease progression in myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1038/labinvest.2014.110 · 2014 · External reference
10.1016/j.bneo.2024.100021 · 2024 · Admitted local publication
Interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α induce an immunoinhibitory molecule, B7-H1, via nuclear factor-κB activation in blasts in myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1182/blood-2009-12-255125 · 2010 · External reference
Stem cell architecture drives myelodysplastic syndrome progression and predicts response to venetoclax-based therapy
10.1038/s41591-022-01696-4 · 2022 · External reference
Coordinated immune networks in leukemia bone marrow microenvironments distinguish response to cellular therapy
10.1126/sciimmunol.adr0782 · 2025 · External reference
Abnormalities of the alphabeta T-cell receptor repertoire in advanced myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1016/j.exphem.2009.12.004 · 2010 · External reference
T-cell dysfunctions in myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1182/blood.2023023166 · 2024 · External reference
T cell receptor Vbeta repertoire of T lymphocytes and T regulatory cells by flow cytometric analysis in healthy children
10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03536.x · 2008 · External reference
Oligoclonal T cell expansion in myelodysplastic syndrome: Evidence for an autoimmune process
10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00083-2 · 2001 · External reference
Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes display several T-cell expansions, which are mostly polyclonal in the CD4(+) subset and oligoclonal in the CD8(+) subset
10.1016/j.exphem.2009.04.009 · 2009 · External reference
Preferential suppression of trisomy 8 compared with normal hematopoietic cell growth by autologous lymphocytes in patients with trisomy 8 myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1182/blood-2004-05-2017 · 2005 · External reference
IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis are increased in low risk myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07593.x · 2009 · External reference
Disruption of TET2 promotes the therapeutic efficacy of CD19-targeted T cells
10.21417/b72d1q · 2018 · External reference
Increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes suppress CD8+ T lymphocyte function through the STAT3-ARG1 pathway
10.1080/10428194.2020.1817431 · 2021 · External reference
Decitabine plus all-trans retinoic acid versus decitabine monotherapy for myelodysplastic syndromes with excess blasts: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial
10.3324/haematol.2025.288526 · 2025 · External reference
Targeting MDSC differentiation using ATRA: A phase I/II clinical trial combining pembrolizumab and all-trans retinoic acid for metastatic melanoma
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2495 · 2023 · External reference
Pivotal results of SELECT-MDS-1 phase 3 study of tamibarotene with azacitidine in newly diagnosed higher-risk MDS
10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016229 · 2025 · External reference
Immunodepletion of MDSC by AMV564, a novel bivalent, bispecific CD33/CD3 T cell engager, ex vivo in MDS and melanoma
10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.005 · 2022 · External reference
Tumor-specific T cell-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 in myelodysplastic syndrome cells does not affect T-cell killing
10.3389/fonc.2022.915629 · 2022 · External reference
Reduced potency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1007/s00262-016-1865-y · 2016 · External reference
The yin-yang of immunity: Immune dysregulation in myelodysplastic syndrome with different risk stratification
10.3389/fimmu.2022.994053 · 2022 · External reference
Immune signatures of bone marrow cells can independently predict prognosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1111/bjh.17837 · 2022 · External reference
An immune dysfunction signature score predicts survival in MDS patients: Insights from a longitudinal, multicenter study
10.1111/cas.70405 · 2026 · External reference
An exploratory clinical trial of bortezomib in patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1002/ajh.24746 · 2017 · External reference
Immune-monitoring of myelodysplastic neoplasms: Recommendations from the i4MDS consortium
10.1002/hem3.64 · 2024 · External reference
Clonal T cell expansion in high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
10.1182/blood.v106.11.3435.3435 · 2005 · External reference
Clonal expansions of Cd8+ T cells dominate the T cell infiltrate in active multiple sclerosis lesions as shown by micromanipulation and single cell polymerase chain reaction
10.1084/jem.192.3.393 · 2000 · External reference
Safety, outcomes, and T-cell characteristics in patients with relapsed or refractory MDS or CMML treated with atezolizumab in combination with guadecitabine
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1810 · 2022 · External reference
Myelodysplastic syndromes and autoimmune diseases--case series and review of literature
10.1016/j.leukres.2013.04.007 · 2013 · External reference
Autoimmune disease in CMML-the chicken or the egg
10.1016/j.beha.2019.101136 · 2020 · External reference
Genomic landscape of MDS/CMML associated with systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease
10.1038/s41375-021-01152-1 · 2021 · External reference
Myelodysplastic syndrome associated TET2 mutations affect NK cell function and genome methylation
10.1038/s41467-023-36193-w · 2023 · External reference
Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes
10.1056/nejmoa1408617 · 2014 · External reference
Somatic mutations in UBA1 and severe adult-onset autoinflammatory disease
10.1056/nejmoa2026834 · 2020 · External reference
Spectrum of clonal hematopoiesis in VEXAS syndrome
10.1182/blood.2022018774 · 2023 · External reference
Single-cell genotype-phenotype mapping identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities in VEXAS syndrome
10.1101/2024.05.19.594376 · 2024 · External reference
Impaired cytotoxic function and exhausted phenotype of natural killer cells in VEXAS syndrome
10.1182/blood.2024028216 · 2025 · External reference
Targeting of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine residues by chromatin-associated DNMT1 induces proteasomal degradation of the free enzyme
10.1093/nar/gkq187 · 2010 · External reference
DNA methylation predicts survival and response to therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1200/jco.2009.23.4781 · 2010 · External reference
Whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing reveals epigenetic changes in myelodysplastic syndromes
10.3389/fonc.2022.897898 · 2022 · External reference
Hypomethylating agents (HMA) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: mechanisms of resistance and novel HMA-based therapies
10.1038/s41375-021-01218-0 · 2021 · External reference
Why methylation is not a marker predictive of response to hypomethylating agents
10.3324/haematol.2013.099549 · 2014 · External reference
BCL2L10 is a predictive factor for resistance to Azacitidine in MDS and AML patients
10.18632/oncotarget.481 · 2012 · External reference
Impact of clinical features, cytogenetics, genetic mutations, and methylation dynamics of CDKN2B and DLC-1 promoters on treatment response to azacitidine
10.1007/s00277-020-03932-8 · 2020 · External reference
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
10.1038/35087627 · 2001 · External reference
Elucidating the role of retrotransposon-mediated viral mimicry in leukemia therapy
10.1182/blood-2025-774 · 2025 · External reference
Clinical response to azacitidine in MDS is associated with distinct DNA methylation changes in HSPCs
10.1038/s41467-025-59796-x · 2025 · External reference
DNA hypomethylating agents increase activation and cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells
10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.038 · 2021 · External reference
Synergizing hypomethylating agents with off-the-shelf CD70-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer T cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
10.1038/s41375-026-02930-5 · 2026 · External reference
Maintenance therapy with Azacitidine for patients with myeloid Malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
10.1038/s41598-025-98059-z · 2025 · External reference
Impact of 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate for induction of human regulatory T cells
10.1111/imm.12261 · 2014 · External reference
Decitabine priming increases anti–PD-1 antitumor efficacy by promoting CD8+ progenitor exhausted T cell expansion in tumor models
10.1172/jci165673 · 2023 · External reference
Response to hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with emergence of novel TCR clonotypes
10.21417/haa2021fi · 2021 · External reference
Comparative analysis of the TCR repertoire in bone marrow CD8+ T cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic neoplasms, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
10.1002/eji.202551796 · 2025 · External reference
The DNA methylation landscape across the TCR loci in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112376 · 2024 · External reference
Azacitidine-induced reconstitution of the bone marrow T cell repertoire is associated with superior survival in AML patients
10.1038/s41408-022-00615-7 · 2022 · External reference
Immunologic predictors for clinical responses during immune checkpoint blockade in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2601 · 2023 · External reference
Checkpoint immunotherapy is associated with preferential activation of tumor antigen–specific CD4+ T cells in MDS
10.1016/j.bneo.2025.100106 · 2025 · External reference
Differentiation-promoting drugs up-regulate NKG2D ligand expression and enhance the susceptibility of acute myeloid leukemia cells to natural killer cell-mediated lysis
10.1016/j.leukres.2007.02.020 · 2007 · External reference
Imprint of 5-azacytidine on the natural killer cell repertoire during systemic treatment for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
10.18632/oncotarget.6213 · 2015 · External reference
In vitro deprivation of CD8(+)CD57(+)T cells promotes the Malignant growth of bone marrow colony cells in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1016/j.exphem.2010.04.002 · 2010 · External reference
Determination of T-cell receptors of clonal CD8-positive T-cells in myelodysplastic syndrome with erythroid hypoplasia
10.1016/s0145-2126(02)00173-x · 2003 · External reference
A simple method to predict response to immunosuppressive therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1182/blood-2002-11-3325 · 2003 · External reference
Loss of T-lymphocyte clonal dominance in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome responsive to immunosuppression
10.1182/blood-2002-01-0155 · 2002 · External reference
The use of immunosuppressive therapy in MDS: clinical outcomes and their predictors in a large international patient cohort
10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019414 · 2018 · External reference
T-cell immune responses to Wilms tumor 1 protein in myelodysplasia responsive to immunosuppressive therapy
10.1182/blood-2010-04-277921 · 2011 · External reference
Immune mediated autologous cytotoxicity against hematopoietic precursor cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
10.3324/haematol.13612 · 2009 · External reference
Dynamics of PD-1 expression are associated with treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with intermediate/high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes under hypomethylating treatment
10.3389/fimmu.2022.950134 · 2022 · External reference
A phase II trial of azacitidine with ipilimumab, nivolumab, or ipilimumab and nivolumab in previously untreated myelodysplastic syndrome
10.3324/haematol.2024.286559 · 2025 · External reference
Epigenetic regulators of clonal hematopoiesis control CD8 T cell stemness during immunotherapy
10.1126/science.adl4492 · 2024 · External reference
Myelodysplastic syndrome patients display alterations in their immune status reflected by increased PD-L1-expressing stem cells and highly dynamic exhausted T-cell frequencies
10.1111/bjh.17461 · 2021 · External reference
Tim3/Gal9 interactions between T cells and monocytes result in an immunosuppressive feedback loop that inhibits Th1 responses in osteosarcoma patients
10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.006 · 2017 · External reference
TIM3/CEACAM1 pathway involves in myeloid-derived suppressor cells induced CD8+ T cells exhaustion and bone marrow inflammatory microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1111/imm.13488 · 2023 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of Sabatolimab (MBG453) in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in patients (Pts) with very high/high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (vHR/HR-MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML): Final analysis from a Phase Ib study
10.1182/blood-2021-146039 · 2021 · External reference
T cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome are frequently derived from the Malignant clone
10.1182/blood.v118.21.2808.2808 · 2012 · External reference
Coincident myelodysplastic syndrome and T-cell large granular lymphocytic disease: clinical and pathophysiological features
10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02561.x · 2001 · External reference
T-cell large granular lymphocyte proliferation in myelodysplastic syndromes: Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance
10.1016/j.leukres.2016.02.006 · 2016 · External reference
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia coexists with myeloid clones and myelodysplastic syndrome
10.1038/s41375-019-0601-y · 2020 · External reference
T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia associated with myelodysplastic syndrome: a clinicopathologic study of nine cases
10.1309/ajcp6yhi1jexawap · 2009 · External reference
Somatic STAT3 mutations in large granular lymphocytic leukemia
10.1056/nejmoa1114885 · 2012 · External reference
STAT3 mutations indicate the presence of subclinical T-cell clones in a subset of aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients
10.1182/blood-2013-04-494930 · 2013 · External reference
TET2 mutations predict response to hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome patients
10.1182/blood-2014-06-582809 · 2014 · External reference
Mutations and karyotype predict treatment response in myelodysplastic syndromes
10.1002/ajh.25267 · 2018 · External reference
Linking the KIR phenotype with STAT3 and TET2 mutations to identify chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells
10.1182/blood.2020006721 · 2021 · External reference
Frequent somatic TET2 mutations in chronic NK-LGL leukemia with distinct patterns of cytopenias
10.1182/blood.2020005831 · 2021 · External reference
Deleting DNMT3A in CAR T cells prevents exhaustion and enhances antitumor activity
10.1126/scitranslmed.abh0272 · 2021 · External reference