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References from Comparative outcomes of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a target trial emulation. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
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Cancer statistics in China and United States 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants
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Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers, version 2.2023, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology
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Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (PF) versus carboplatin and paclitaxel (CROSS regimen) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): a propensity score-matched study
10.1097/sla.0000000000004329 · 2020 · External reference
Recurrence patterns after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared with surgery alone in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: results from the multicenter phase III trial NEOCRTEC5010
10.1016/j.ejca.2020.08.002 · 2020 · External reference
A randomized trial comparing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil versus preoperative chemotherapy for localized advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus (JCOG9907)
10.1245/s10434-011-2049-9 · 2012 · External reference
Clinical evidence for association of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with efficacy and safety in patients with resectable esophageal carcinoma (NewEC study)
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Survival and complications after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis
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Morbidity and mortality of patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamasurg.2021.0133 · 2021 · External reference
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score-matched study from the National Cancer Center in China
10.1007/s00432-021-03659-7 · 2022 · External reference
Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01234-4 · 2021 · External reference
Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer
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Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs chemoimmunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
10.1001/jamasurg.2025.0220 · 2025 · External reference
Comparison of pathologic response and survival outcomes between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2423 · 2024 · External reference
Perioperative outcomes and survival after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.020 · 2025 · External reference
Safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal cancer: real-world multicenter retrospective study in China
10.1093/dote/doac031 · 2022 · External reference
Multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial of camrelizumab and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
10.1136/jitc-2021-004291 · 2022 · External reference
Neoadjuvant programmed cell death 1 blockade combined with chemotherapy for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
10.1136/jitc-2021-003497 · 2022 · External reference
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.12.030 · 2024 · External reference
Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy for resectable, locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NIC-ESCC2019): a multicenter, phase 2 study
10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4028 · 2022 · External reference
Doublet chemotherapy, triplet chemotherapy, or doublet chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced oesophageal cancer (JCOG1109 NExT): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00745-1 · 2024 · External reference
Phase III trial of trimodality therapy with cisplatin, fluorouracil, radiotherapy, and surgery compared with surgery alone for esophageal cancer: CALGB 9781
10.1200/jco.2007.12.9593 · 2008 · External reference
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial
10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.508 · 2023 · External reference
Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort study
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1882240 · 2026 · External reference
The future of immune checkpoint therapy
10.1126/science.aaa8172 · 2015 · External reference
Radiation and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy: radiosensitisation and potential mechanisms of synergy
10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00007-8 · 2015 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for locally advanced stages of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fonc.2022.887525 · 2022 · External reference
Expanding horizons in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the promise of induction chemoimmunotherapy with radiotherapy
10.5306/wjco.v16.i7.104959 · 2025 · External reference
Optimizing neoadjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive review on the role of concomitant or sequential immune checkpoint inhibitors
10.1007/s10388-024-01097-1 · 2025 · External reference