Research graph
References from T-cell redirecting therapies in lung cancer - a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
10.3322/caac.21834 · 2024 · External reference
Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked — an emerging disease
10.1038/s41571-023-00844-0 · 2024 · External reference
Air pollution and lung cancer: a review by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee
10.1016/j.jtho.2023.05.024 · 2023 · External reference
Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa1606774 · 2016 · External reference
Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa1801005 · 2018 · External reference
Therapy for stage IV non–small cell lung cancer without driver alterations: ASCO living guideline, 2026.3.0
10.1200/jco-25-02825 · 2026 · External reference
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa1910231 · 2019 · External reference
Mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: promising strategies to overcoming challenges
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366260 · 2024 · External reference
Next-generation immunotherapy: igniting new hope for lung cancer
10.1177/17588359241302021 · 2024 · External reference
Evolving insights into the improvement of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy through PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in the clinical spectrum of lung cancer
10.1186/s12943-023-01926-4 · 2024 · External reference
Lung cancer immunotherapy in 2025: where we stand and what comes next
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1728163 · 2025 · External reference
Durvalumab plus platinum–etoposide versus platinum–etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32222-6 · 2019 · External reference
First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa1809064 · 2018 · External reference
Shaping the tumor immune microenvironment of SCLC: mechanisms, and opportunities for immunotherapy
10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102606 · 2023 · External reference
Unlocking the potential of engineered immune cell therapy for solid tumors
10.1038/s41467-025-56527-0 · 2025 · External reference
T cell-engaging therapies - BiTEs and beyond
10.1038/s41571-020-0347-5 · 2020 · External reference
Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for effective therapy
10.1038/s41591-018-0014-x · 2018 · External reference
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct tumor microenvironmental patterns in lung adenocarcinoma
10.1038/s41388-021-02054-3 · 2021 · External reference
Advancements in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer therapy: from molecular profiling to the advent of precision oncology
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1674449 · 2025 · External reference
Patterns of transcription factor programs and immune pathway activation define four major subtypes of SCLC with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities
10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.014 · 2021 · External reference
Unraveling the intricacies of CD73/adenosine signaling: the pulmonary immune and stromal microenvironment in lung cancer
10.3390/cancers15235706 · 2023 · External reference
CD8+ T cell differentiation and dysfunction in cancer
10.1038/s41577-021-00574-3 · 2022 · External reference
T cell exhaustion
10.1038/ni.2035 · 2011 · External reference
Defining ‘T cell exhaustion.’
10.1038/s41577-019-0221-9 · 2019 · External reference
MHC class I downregulation in cancer: underlying mechanisms and potential targets for cancer immunotherapy
10.3390/cancers12071760 · 2020 · External reference
The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) design
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0548 · 2013 · External reference
Trial watch - bispecific T cell engagers and higher-order multispecific immunotherapeutics
10.1080/2162402x.2026.2632421 · 2026 · External reference
T cell engagers: expanding horizons in oncology and beyond
10.1038/s41416-025-03125-y · 2025 · External reference
Stepping forward: T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy
10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.027 · 2024 · External reference
Tumor regression in cancer patients by very low doses of a T cell-engaging antibody
10.1126/science.1158545 · 2008 · External reference
DLL3: an emerging target in small cell lung cancer
10.1186/s13045-019-0745-2 · 2019 · External reference
A DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eradicates high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor-initiating cells in vivo
10.1126/scitranslmed.aac9459 · 2015 · External reference
Rovalpituzumab tesirine, a DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, in recurrent small-cell lung cancer: a first-in-human, first-in-class, open-label, phase 1 study
10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30565-4 · 2017 · External reference
AMG 757, a half-life extended, DLL3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager, shows high potency and sensitivity in preclinical models of small-cell lung cancer
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2845 · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of rovalpituzumab tesirine compared with topotecan as second-line therapy in DLL3-high SCLC: results from the phase 3 TAHOE study
10.1016/j.jtho.2021.02.009 · 2021 · External reference
Updates on antibody drug conjugates and bispecific T-cell engagers in SCLC
10.3390/antib15010004 · 2026 · External reference
Tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2307980 · 2023 · External reference
Tarlatamab, a first-in-class DLL3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager, in recurrent small-cell lung cancer: an open-label, phase I study
10.1200/jco.22.02823 · 2023 · External reference
Sustained clinical benefit and intracranial activity of tarlatamab in previously treated small cell lung cancer: DeLLphi-300 trial update
10.1200/jco.24.00553 · 2024 · External reference
DeLLphi-301: Tarlatamab phase 2 trial in small cell lung cancer (SCLC)—efficacy and safety analyzed by presence of brain metastasis
10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.8015 · 2024 · External reference
Asian subgroup analysis of patients in the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 study of tarlatamab for previously treated small cell lung cancer
10.1007/s40487-025-00372-0 · 2025 · External reference
Immunotherapy in lung cancer brain metastases
10.1038/s41698-025-00901-0 · 2025 · External reference
Tarlatamab versus chemotherapy (CTx) as second-line (2L) treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC): primary analysis of Ph3 DeLLphi-304
10.1200/jco.2025.43.17_suppl.lba8008 · 2025 · External reference
Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy
10.1056/nejmoa2502099 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Real-world outcomes of tarlatamab in small cell lung cancer, including patients with untreated brain metastases
10.1016/j.cllc.2025.03.006 · 2025 · External reference
Safety and activity of tarlatamab in combination with a PD-L1 inhibitor as first-line maintenance therapy after chemo-immunotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (DeLLphi-303): a multicentre, non-randomised, phase 1b study
10.1016/s1470-2045(25)00480-2 · 2025 · External reference
Tarlatamab plus anti-PD-L1 as first-line maintenance for ES-SCLC demonstrates promising results
10.1002/cncr.70179 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Phase I dose-escalation results for the delta-like ligand 3/CD3 IgG-like T-cell engager Obrixtamig (BI 764532) in patients with delta-like ligand 3+ small cell lung cancer or neuroendocrine carcinomas
10.1200/jco-25-00363 · 2025 · External reference
HPN328, a trispecific T cell-activating protein construct targeting DLL3-expressing solid tumors
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0524 · 2024 · External reference
Interim results from a phase 1/2 study of HPN328, a tri-specific, half-life (T1/2) extended DLL3-targeting T-cell engager, in patients (pts) with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN)
10.1200/jco.2024.42.4_suppl.121 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of the DLL3 T-cell engager gocatamig in participants (pts) with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN)
10.1200/jco.2026.44.7_suppl.182 · 2026 · External reference
Current indications and future landscape of bispecific antibodies for the treatment of lung cancer
10.3390/ijms24129855 · 2023 · External reference
Current status and future perspectives of bispecific antibodies in the treatment of lung cancer
10.1097/cm9.0000000000002460 · 2023 · External reference
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Mechanistic insights into resistance mechanisms to T cell engagers
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1583044 · 2025 · External reference
Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in small-cell lung cancer
10.3390/biology15040356 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Prognostic implications of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1476365 · 2024 · External reference
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predict efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study
10.1080/0284186x.2023.2228991 · 2023 · External reference
Transcriptional programs of neoantigen-specific TIL in anti-PD-1-treated lung cancers
10.1038/s41586-021-03752-4 · 2021 · External reference
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment for anti-PD-1-resistant metastatic lung cancer: a phase 1 trial
10.1038/s41591-021-01462-y · 2021 · External reference
A multicenter phase 2 trial of lifileucel plus pembrolizumab in patients with checkpoint inhibitor-naive metastatic NSCLC: updated results
10.1136/jitc-2024-sitc2024.1488 · 2024 · External reference
TIL therapy in lung cancer: current progress and perspectives
10.1002/advs.202409356 · 2024 · External reference
Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes
10.1126/science.1076514 · 2002 · External reference
Adoptive cell transfer: a clinical path to effective cancer immunotherapy
10.1038/nrc2355 · 2008 · External reference
Recent clinical researches and technological development in TIL therapy
10.1007/s00262-024-03793-4 · 2024 · External reference
Generation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cultures for use in adoptive transfer therapy for melanoma patients
10.1097/00002371-200307000-00005 · 2003 · External reference
Combined IL-2, agonistic CD3 and 4-1BB stimulation preserve clonotype hierarchy in propagated non-small cell lung cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
10.1136/jitc-2021-003082 · 2022 · External reference
Therapeutic potential of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217281 · 2024 · External reference
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy: a new frontier
10.1016/j.jtct.2024.11.014 · 2025 · External reference
Lifileucel, a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, in metastatic melanoma
10.1200/jco.21.00612 · 2021 · External reference
Long-term efficacy and safety of lifileucel tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy in patients with advanced melanoma: a 5-year analysis of the C-144-01 study
10.1200/jco-25-00765 · 2025 · External reference
FDA approval summary: Lifileucel for unresectable or metastatic melanoma previously treated with an anti-PD-1 based immunotherapy
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-25-0880 · 2025 · External reference
A phase II study of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for human papillomavirus-associated epithelial cancers
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2722 · 2019 · External reference
Lifileucel, an autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte monotherapy, in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1334 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Unresolved reference
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Multicenter phase II trial of LN-145 TIL cell therapy plus pembrolizumab in patients with ICI-naïve metastatic NSCLC
10.1016/j.jtho.2023.09.225 · 2023 · External reference
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer immunotherapy: from chemotactic recruitment to translational modeling
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1601773 · 2025 · External reference
Engineering strategies to overcome the current roadblocks in CAR T cell therapy
10.1038/s41571-019-0297-y · 2020 · External reference
Chimeric antigen receptor therapy
10.1056/nejmra1706169 · 2018 · External reference
Arming CAR-T cells with cytokines and more: innovations in the fourth-generation CAR-T development
10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.021 · 2023 · External reference
Engineering the next generation of CAR T- cells: precision modifications, logic gates and universal strategies to overcome exhaustion and tumor resistance
10.3389/fonc.2025.1698442 · 2025 · External reference
Immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
10.1186/s13046-025-03519-z · 2025 · External reference
Utility and drawbacks of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in lung cancer
10.3389/fimmu.2022.903562 · 2022 · External reference
Initial safety and efficacy of A2B694, a logic-gated mesothelin-targeted Tmod chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors with HLA-A*02 loss of heterozygosity
10.1200/jco.2026.44.16_suppl.8579 · 2026 · External reference
Phase I clinical trial of EGFR-specific CAR-T cells generated by the piggyBac transposon system in advanced relapsed/refractory non-small cell lung cancer patients
10.1007/s00432-021-03613-7 · 2021 · External reference
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A phase I trial of regional mesothelin-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in patients with Malignant pleural disease, in combination with the anti–PD-1 agent pembrolizumab
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0407 · 2021 · External reference
Anti-PD-1 nanobody-armored MSLN CAR-T therapy for Malignant mesothelioma: preclinical and clinical studies
10.1002/advs.202508754 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Phase 1 study of AMG 119, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting DLL3, in patients with relapsed/refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.tps8576 · 2019 · External reference
A systematic review of CAR T-cell therapy in lung cancer: move forward or move on
10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.e20561 · 2025 · External reference
PSCA and MUC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer as targets of chimeric antigen receptor T cells
10.1080/2162402x.2017.1284722 · 2017 · External reference
CAR T cells for solid tumors: new strategies for finding, infiltrating, and surviving in the tumor microenvironment
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00128 · 2019 · External reference
Tumor antigen escape from CAR T-cell therapy
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0442 · 2018 · External reference
Tuning the antigen density requirement for CAR T-cell activity
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0945 · 2020 · External reference
4-1BB costimulation ameliorates T cell exhaustion induced by tonic signaling of chimeric antigen receptors
10.1038/nm.3838 · 2015 · External reference
Safety and feasibility of CRISPR-edited T cells in patients with refractory non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1038/s41591-020-0840-5 · 2020 · External reference
Precision reprogramming in CAR-T cell therapy: Innovations, challenges, and future directions of advanced gene editing
10.7150/ijbs.124144 · 2025 · External reference
Harnessing the chemokine system to home CAR-T cells into solid tumors
10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100543 · 2022 · External reference
Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer
10.1126/science.abf9419 · 2022 · External reference
Chemokines and chemokine receptors: New targets for cancer immunotherapy
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00379 · 2019 · External reference
Membrane-bound IL-15 co-expression powers a potent and persistent CD70-targeted TRuC T-cell therapy
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1609658 · 2025 · External reference
TGF-β inhibition via CRISPR promotes the long-term efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors
10.1172/jci.insight.133977 · 2020 · External reference
Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma
10.1056/nejmoa1707447 · 2017 · External reference
Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1056/nejmoa1709866 · 2018 · External reference
Hypoxia-responsive CEA CAR-T cells therapy for relapsed or refractory non-small cell lung cancer: A single-arm, open-label, phase I trial
10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.8517 · 2025 · External reference
From molecular design to clinical translation: Dual-targeted CAR-T strategies in cancer immunotherapy
10.7150/ijbs.108036 · 2025 · External reference
Off-the-shelf” allogeneic CAR T cells: Development and challenges
10.1038/s41573-019-0051-2 · 2020 · External reference
Under the hood: Evidence-based review of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cells for hematologic Malignancies
10.1016/j.jtct.2025.09.044 · 2026 · External reference
ALLO-316 in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC): Updated results from the phase 1 TRAVERSE study
10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.4508 · 2025 · External reference
TCR-engineered T cell therapy in solid tumors: State of the art and perspectives
10.1126/sciadv.adf3700 · 2023 · External reference
The recent advancement of TCR-T cell therapies for cancer treatment
10.3724/abbs.2024034 · 2024 · External reference
Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes
10.1126/science.1129003 · 2006 · External reference
T cell receptor (TCR)-based therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A new hope
10.21037/tlcr-2025-882 · 2025 · External reference
Identification of a titin-derived HLA-A1–presented peptide as a cross-reactive target for engineered MAGE A3–directed T cells
10.1126/scitranslmed.3006034 · 2013 · External reference
SPEARHEAD-1: A single-arm phase 2 trial of afamitresgene autoleucel (afami-cel) in advanced synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma
10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00319-2 · 2024 · External reference
Phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of ADP-A2M10 SPEAR T cells in patients with MAGE-A10+ advanced non-small cell lung cancer
10.1136/jitc-2021-003581 · 2022 · External reference
NY-ESO-1 specific TCR engineered T-cells mediate sustained antigen-specific antitumor effects in myeloma
10.1038/nm.3910 · 2015 · External reference
Neoantigen-targeted TCR-engineered T cell immunotherapy: Current advances and challenges
10.1186/s40364-023-00534-0 · 2023 · External reference
Neoantigen identification and TCR-T therapy development for solid tumors: Current advances and future perspectives
10.1016/j.jncc.2025.07.001 · 2025 · External reference
TCR-engineered T cells targeting a shared β-catenin mutation eradicate solid tumors
10.1038/s41590-025-02252-1 · 2025 · External reference
Neoantigen T-cell receptor gene therapy in pancreatic cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2119662 · 2022 · External reference
Safety and tolerability of lete-cel in NSCLC-reply
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-25-0070 · 2025 · External reference
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy - assessment and management of toxicities
10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.148 · 2018 · External reference
ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells
10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.758 · 2019 · External reference
Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: ASCO guideline
10.1200/jco.21.01992 · 2021 · External reference
How I treat refractory CRS and ICANS after CAR T-cell therapy
10.1182/blood.2022017414 · 2023 · External reference
NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Management of immunotherapy-related toxicities, Version 2.2024
10.6004/jnccn.2024.0057 · 2024 · External reference
Easy as ABC: Managing toxicities of antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and CAR T-cell therapies
10.1200/edbk-25-473916 · 2025 · External reference
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune effector cell-related adverse events
10.1136/jitc-2020-001511 · 2020 · External reference
Practical management of adverse events in patients receiving tarlatamab, a delta-like ligand 3–targeted bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy, for previously treated small cell lung cancer
10.1002/cncr.35738 · 2025 · External reference
Consensus recommendations on the management of toxicity associated with CD3×CD20 bispecific antibody therapy
10.1182/blood.2023022432 · 2024 · External reference
Clinical pharmacology of cytokine release syndrome with T-cell–engaging bispecific antibodies: Current insights and drug development strategies
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-2247 · 2025 · External reference
FOXO1 is a master regulator of memory programming in CAR T cells
10.1038/s41586-024-07300-8 · 2024 · External reference
New frontiers in immune checkpoint B7-H3 (CD276) research and drug development
10.1186/s12943-023-01751-9 · 2023 · External reference
Ifinatamab deruxtecan in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: Primary analysis of the phase II IDeate-Lung01 trial
10.1200/jco-25-02142 · 2026 · External reference
IDeate-Lung02: A phase 3 study of second-line ifinatamab deruxtecan in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer
10.1080/14796694.2025.2565995 · 2025 · External reference
IDeate-Lung03: A phase Ib/II study of ifinatamab deruxtecan (I-DXd) plus atezolizumab (atezo) with or without carboplatin (carbo) as first-line (1L) induction or maintenance in patients (pts) with extensive stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
10.1016/j.annonc.2024.08.1903 · 2024 · External reference
Advances in CAR-NK cell therapy for lung cancer: Is it a better choice in the future
10.3389/fonc.2024.1390006 · 2024 · External reference
Harnessing the power of invariant natural killer T cells in cancer immunotherapy
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01829 · 2017 · External reference
Weighting tumor-specific TCR repertoires as a classifier to stratify the immunotherapy delivery in non–small cell lung cancers
10.1126/sciadv.abd6971 · 2021 · External reference
Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution
10.1038/nature22364 · 2017 · External reference
Update on the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
10.3390/jcm14196960 · 2025 · External reference
Immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer: Current challenges and prospects
10.1186/s40164-025-00720-w · 2025 · External reference
Emerging immunotherapies for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
10.3390/vaccines13020128 · 2025 · External reference
