Research graph
References from Ozoralizumab, a trivalent anti-TNFα NANOBODY® compound, is resistant to rheumatoid factor-mediated modulation of FcRn-dependent recycling and immune complex uptake. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment
10.1038/nrrheum.2012.153 · 2012 · External reference
Mechanisms of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis — immune cell–fibroblast–bone interactions
10.1038/s41584-022-00793-5 · 2022 · External reference
What is rheumatoid factor? From screening to personalized management
10.1093/rheumatology/keaf003 · 2025 · External reference
Rheumatoid factor: Diagnostic and prognostic performance and therapeutic implications in rheumatoid arthritis
10.3390/jcm14051529 · 2025 · External reference
Autoantibodies as diagnostic markers and mediator of joint inflammation in arthritis
10.1155/2019/6363086 · 2019 · External reference
Rheumatoid factor IgM autoantibodies control IgG homeostasis
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016263 · 2022 · External reference
EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update
10.1136/ard-2022-223356 · 2023 · External reference
Rheumatoid factor, but not anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, is modulated by infliximab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2004.023523 · 2005 · External reference
High IgA rheumatoid factor levels are associated with poor clinical response to tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2006.060608 · 2007 · External reference
Association of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity, but not carriage of shared epitope or PTPN22 susceptibility variants, with anti-tumour necrosis factor response in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2007.084715 · 2009 · External reference
Risk factors for oral methotrexate failure in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis: results from a UK prospective cohort study
10.1186/s13075-018-1544-9 · 2018 · External reference
Influence of rheumatoid factors on the efficacy of TNF inhibitor therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
10.1007/s40744-025-00769-3 · 2025 · External reference
Impact of high rheumatoid factor levels on treatment outcomes with certolizumab pegol and adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
10.1093/rheumatology/keae435 · 2024 · External reference
Influence of rheumatoid factor on serum drug levels of TNF inhibitors with different structures in rheumatoid arthritis
10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ig40gm · 2024 · External reference
Unique structure of ozoralizumab, a trivalent anti-TNFα NANOBODY® compound, offers the potential advantage of mitigating the risk of immune complex-induced inflammation
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149874 · 2023 · External reference
Ozoralizumab, a humanized anti-TNFα NANOBODY® compound, exhibits efficacy not only at the onset of arthritis in a human TNF transgenic mouse but also during secondary failure of administration of an anti-TNFα IgG
10.3389/fimmu.2022.853008 · 2022 · External reference
Structural design of the anti-TNFα therapeutic NANOBODY® compound, ozoralizumab, to support its potent and sustained clinical efficacy
10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150454 · 2024 · External reference
Ozoralizumab shows effectiveness regardless of baseline RF and ACPA titres in patients with RA: a post hoc analysis of the OHZORA trial
10.1093/rheumatology/keaf171 · 2025 · External reference
Differential efficacy of TNF inhibitors with or without the immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion in rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study
10.1007/s00296-021-05086-w · 2022 · External reference
Influence of rheumatoid factor levels and TNF inhibitor structure on secondary nonresponse in rheumatoid arthritis patients
10.3389/fmed.2024.1461396 · 2024 · External reference
Rheumatoid factors revisited in the age of biologic therapy
10.1093/rheumatology/keaf035 · 2025 · External reference
The recycling and transcytotic pathways for IgG transport by FcRn are distinct and display an inherent polarity
10.1083/jcb.200809122 · 2009 · External reference
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn): A misnomer
10.3389/fimmu.2019.01540 · 2019 · External reference
Neonatal Fc receptor antagonist efgartigimod safely and sustainably reduces IgGs in humans
10.1172/jci97911 · 2018 · External reference
Roles of Fc receptors in autoimmunity
10.1038/nri856 · 2002 · External reference
Immunogenicity to biotherapeutics – the role of anti-drug immune complexes
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00021 · 2016 · External reference
Imaging and serum analysis of immune complex formation of radiolabelled infliximab and anti-infliximab in responders and non-responders to therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2006.057406 · 2007 · External reference
In vivo clearance of immune complexes: Insights into human drug/anti-drug antibody complex clearance dynamics
10.1208/s12248-026-01218-x · 2026 · External reference
To B or not to B the conductor of rheumatoid arthritis orchestra
10.1007/s12016-012-8318-y · 2012 · External reference
Unraveling the interaction between FcRn and albumin: Opportunities for design of albumin-based therapeutics
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00682 · 2015 · External reference
Enhanced antibody half-life improves in vivo activity
10.1038/nbt.1601 · 2010 · External reference
A human endothelial cell-based recycling assay for screening of FcRn targeted molecules
10.1038/s41467-018-03061-x · 2018 · External reference
The Fab region of IgG impairs the internalization pathway of FcRn upon Fc engagement
10.1038/s41467-022-33764-1 · 2022 · External reference
Biophysical differences in IgG1 Fc-based therapeutics relate to their cellular handling, interaction with FcRn and plasma half-life
10.1038/s42003-022-03787-x · 2022 · External reference
Cellular neonatal Fc receptor recycling efficiencies can differentiate target-independent clearance mechanisms of monoclonal antibodies
10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.013 · 2024 · External reference
Direct demonstration of a neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-driven endosomal sorting pathway for cellular recycling of albumin
10.1074/jbc.m117.794248 · 2017 · External reference
Enhanced plasma half-life and efficacy of engineered human albumin-fused GLP-1 despite enzymatic cleavage of its C-terminal end
10.1038/s42003-025-08249-8 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy of certolizumab pegol across baseline rheumatoid factor subgroups in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Post-hoc analysis of clinical trials
10.1111/1756-185x.14699 · 2023 · External reference
Importance of neonatal FcR in regulating the serum half-life of therapeutic proteins containing the Fc domain of human IgG1: A comparative study of the affinity of monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins to human neonatal FcR
10.4049/jimmunol.0903296 · 2010 · External reference
Immunoglobulin G structure and rheumatoid factor epitopes
10.1371/journal.pone.0217624 · 2019 · External reference
Half-life–extended recombinant coagulation factor IX–albumin fusion protein is recycled via the FcRn-mediated pathway
10.1074/jbc.m117.817064 · 2018 · External reference
Extending serum half-life of albumin by engineering neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding
10.1074/jbc.m114.549832 · 2014 · External reference
Albumin-based drug delivery: Harnessing nature to cure disease
10.1186/s40591-016-0048-8 · 2016 · External reference
Extending half-life by indirect targeting of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) using a minimal albumin binding domain
10.1074/jbc.m110.164848 · 2010 · External reference
Do high rheumatoid factor levels impact response to certolizumab pegol in patients with inadequately controlled rheumatoid arthritis? A post hoc analysis of the phase IIIb REALISTIC trial
10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006094 · External reference
IgG rheumatoid factor, complement and immune complexes in rheumatoid synovitis and vasculitis: Comparative and serial studies during cytotoxic therapy
1981 · External reference
Impact of immune complex size and glycosylation on IgG binding to human FcγRs
10.4049/jimmunol.1200501 · 2013 · External reference
Cross-presentation of IgG-containing immune complexes
10.1007/s00018-012-1100-8 · 2013 · External reference
Formation, distribution, and elimination of infliximab and anti-infliximab immune complexes in cynomolgus monkeys
10.1124/jpet.104.079277 · 2005 · External reference
Cross-presentation of IgG-containing immune complexes
10.1007/s00018-012-1100-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Differential efficacy of TNF inhibitors with or without the immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion in rheumatoid arthritis: the ANSWER cohort study
10.1007/s00296-021-05086-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
To B or not to B the conductor of rheumatoid arthritis orchestra
10.1007/s12016-012-8318-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of rheumatoid factors on the efficacy of TNF inhibitor therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
10.1007/s40744-025-00769-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structural design of the anti-TNFα therapeutic NANOBODY® compound, ozoralizumab, to support its potent and sustained clinical efficacy
10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150454 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cellular neonatal Fc receptor recycling efficiencies can differentiate target-independent clearance mechanisms of monoclonal antibodies
10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhanced antibody half-life improves in vivo activity
10.1038/nbt.1601 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Roles of Fc receptors in autoimmunity
10.1038/nri856 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment
10.1038/nrrheum.2012.153 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A human endothelial cell-based recycling assay for screening of FcRn targeted molecules
10.1038/s41467-018-03061-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Fab region of IgG impairs the internalization pathway of FcRn upon Fc engagement
10.1038/s41467-022-33764-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mechanisms of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis — immune cell–fibroblast–bone interactions
10.1038/s41584-022-00793-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Biophysical differences in IgG1 Fc-based therapeutics relate to their cellular handling, interaction with FcRn and plasma half-life
10.1038/s42003-022-03787-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhanced plasma half-life and efficacy of engineered human albumin-fused GLP-1 despite enzymatic cleavage of its C-terminal end
10.1038/s42003-025-08249-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Extending half-life by indirect targeting of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) using a minimal albumin binding domain
10.1074/jbc.m110.164848 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Extending serum half-life of albumin by engineering neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding
10.1074/jbc.m114.549832 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Direct demonstration of a neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-driven endosomal sorting pathway for cellular recycling of albumin
10.1074/jbc.m117.794248 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Half-life–extended recombinant coagulation factor IX–albumin fusion protein is recycled via the FcRn-mediated pathway
10.1074/jbc.m117.817064 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The recycling and transcytotic pathways for IgG transport by FcRn are distinct and display an inherent polarity
10.1083/jcb.200809122 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of high rheumatoid factor levels on treatment outcomes with certolizumab pegol and adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
10.1093/rheumatology/keae435 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
What is rheumatoid factor? From screening to personalized management
10.1093/rheumatology/keaf003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rheumatoid factors revisited in the age of biologic therapy
10.1093/rheumatology/keaf035 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ozoralizumab shows effectiveness regardless of baseline RF and ACPA titres in patients with RA: a post hoc analysis of the OHZORA trial
10.1093/rheumatology/keaf171 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy of certolizumab pegol across baseline rheumatoid factor subgroups in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Post-hoc analysis of clinical trials
10.1111/1756-185x.14699 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Formation, distribution, and elimination of infliximab and anti-infliximab immune complexes in cynomolgus monkeys
10.1124/jpet.104.079277 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update
10.1136/ard-2022-223356 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rheumatoid factor, but not anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, is modulated by infliximab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2004.023523 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Imaging and serum analysis of immune complex formation of radiolabelled infliximab and anti-infliximab in responders and non-responders to therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2006.057406 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
High IgA rheumatoid factor levels are associated with poor clinical response to tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2006.060608 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity, but not carriage of shared epitope or PTPN22 susceptibility variants, with anti-tumour necrosis factor response in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1136/ard.2007.084715 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Do high rheumatoid factor levels impact response to certolizumab pegol in patients with inadequately controlled rheumatoid arthritis? A post hoc analysis of the phase IIIb REALISTIC trial
10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006094 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Autoantibodies as diagnostic markers and mediator of joint inflammation in arthritis
10.1155/2019/6363086 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neonatal Fc receptor antagonist efgartigimod safely and sustainably reduces IgGs in humans
10.1172/jci97911 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Risk factors for oral methotrexate failure in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis: results from a UK prospective cohort study
10.1186/s13075-018-1544-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Albumin-based drug delivery: Harnessing nature to cure disease
10.1186/s40591-016-0048-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
In vivo clearance of immune complexes: Insights into human drug/anti-drug antibody complex clearance dynamics
10.1208/s12248-026-01218-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immunoglobulin G structure and rheumatoid factor epitopes
10.1371/journal.pone.0217624 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Unraveling the interaction between FcRn and albumin: Opportunities for design of albumin-based therapeutics
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00682 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immunogenicity to biotherapeutics – the role of anti-drug immune complexes
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn): A misnomer
10.3389/fimmu.2019.01540 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rheumatoid factor IgM autoantibodies control IgG homeostasis
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016263 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ozoralizumab, a humanized anti-TNFα NANOBODY® compound, exhibits efficacy not only at the onset of arthritis in a human TNF transgenic mouse but also during secondary failure of administration of an anti-TNFα IgG
10.3389/fimmu.2022.853008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Unique structure of ozoralizumab, a trivalent anti-TNFα NANOBODY® compound, offers the potential advantage of mitigating the risk of immune complex-induced inflammation
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149874 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of rheumatoid factor levels and TNF inhibitor structure on secondary nonresponse in rheumatoid arthritis patients
10.3389/fmed.2024.1461396 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rheumatoid factor: Diagnostic and prognostic performance and therapeutic implications in rheumatoid arthritis
10.3390/jcm14051529 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Importance of neonatal FcR in regulating the serum half-life of therapeutic proteins containing the Fc domain of human IgG1: A comparative study of the affinity of monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins to human neonatal FcR
10.4049/jimmunol.0903296 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of immune complex size and glycosylation on IgG binding to human FcγRs
10.4049/jimmunol.1200501 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of rheumatoid factor on serum drug levels of TNF inhibitors with different structures in rheumatoid arthritis
10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ig40gm · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
