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References from Targeting subchondral osteoporosis in osteoarthritis: biomechanical crosstalk and the therapeutic rationale for inflammatory microenvironment remodeling. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Microenvironment in subchondral bone: predominant regulator for the treatment of osteoarthritis
10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218089 · 2021 · External reference
Treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in the oldest old
10.1007/s40265-024-02138-w · 2025 · External reference
Osteoporosis after menopause and after drug therapy: the molecular mechanism of bone loss and its treatment
10.3390/ijms27020641 · 2026 · External reference
Osteoarthritis: new insight on its pathophysiology
10.3390/jcm11206013 · 2022 · External reference
Enhanced immunoprotective effects by anti-IL-17 antibody translates to improved skeletal parameters under estrogen deficiency compared with anti-RANKL and anti-TNF-α antibodies
10.1002/jbmr.2228 · 2014 · External reference
Oxidative stress as a key modulator of cell fate decision in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: a narrative review
10.1186/s11658-023-00489-y · 2023 · External reference
The interplay between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: mechanisms, implications, and treatment considerations - a narrative review
10.1016/j.exger.2024.112614 · 2024 · External reference
Eight-year trajectories of malalignment progression in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
10.1097/cm9.0000000000002044 · 2022 · External reference
Integrative single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics uncover distinct fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk in human hip synovium between patients with femoroacetabular impingement and osteoarthritis
10.1002/art.70033 · 2026 · External reference
Postmenopausal osteoporosis: latest guidelines
10.1016/j.ecl.2021.03.009 · 2021 · External reference
Regulating type H vessel formation and bone metabolism via bone-targeting oral micro/nano-hydrogel microspheres to prevent bone loss
10.1002/advs.202207381 · 2023 · External reference
Endothelial PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β signaling promotes osteoarthritis by enhancing angiogenesis-dependent abnormal subchondral bone formation
10.1038/s41413-022-00229-6 · 2022 · External reference
Abnormal subchondral trabecular bone remodeling in knee osteoarthritis under the influence of knee alignment
10.1016/j.joca.2021.02.235 · 2022 · External reference
Hemodynamic stress shapes subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: an emerging hypothesis
10.1016/j.jot.2021.11.007 · 2022 · External reference
Changes of the subchondral bone microchannel network in early osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.002 · 2023 · External reference
Mechanical stress overload promotes NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated osteoarthritis synovitis and fibrosis through Piezo1
10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.111786 · 2025 · External reference
Osteopontin, a bridge links osteoarthritis and osteoporosis
10.3389/fendo.2022.1012508 · 2022 · External reference
FSCN1 induces subchondral bone sclerosis in osteoarthritis via modulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and YAP signaling
10.1186/s13075-026-03731-y · 2026 · External reference
High tibial osteotomy effectively restores motor function during daily activities in patients with knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity
10.1002/jeo2.70410 · 2025 · External reference
Skeletal interoception in osteoarthritis
10.1038/s41413-024-00328-6 · 2024 · External reference
The role of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in knee osteoarthritis inflammation
10.1080/19336950.2024.2393088 · 2024 · External reference
Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for knee osteoarthritis: clinical application, mechanism exploration and prospect
10.1186/s13287-025-04783-8 · 2025 · External reference
Osteocyte-derived extracellular vesicles mediate the bone-to-cartilage crosstalk and promote osteoarthritis progression
10.1038/s41467-025-59861-5 · 2025 · External reference
Inhibition of PGE2 in subchondral bone attenuates osteoarthritis
10.3390/cells11172760 · 2022 · External reference
PGE2 activates EP4 in subchondral bone osteoclasts to regulate osteoarthritis
10.1038/s41413-022-00201-4 · 2022 · External reference
Epigenetic regulation of chondrocytes and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
10.3390/life12040582 · 2022 · External reference
Assessing knee joint biomechanics and trunk posture according to medial osteoarthritis severity
10.1038/s41598-023-46486-1 · 2023 · External reference
Editorial commentary: knee osteotomy plus cartilage restoration is not always superior to osteotomy alone
10.1016/j.arthro.2025.04.005 · 2025 · External reference
Procr+ chondroprogenitors sense mechanical stimuli to govern articular cartilage maintenance and regeneration
10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.036 · 2025 · External reference
Subchondral bone cyst development in osteoarthritis: from pathophysiology to bone microarchitecture changes and clinical implementations
10.3390/jcm12030815 · 2023 · External reference
Subchondral bone osteocyte lacunae morphology in end-stage osteoarthritis of the human tibial plateau
10.1007/s00223-024-01226-z · 2024 · External reference
Are biomechanics during gait associated with the structural disease onset and progression of lower limb osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.010 · 2022 · External reference
Membrane stretch as the mechanism of activation of PIEZO1 ion channels in chondrocytes
10.1073/pnas.2221958120 · 2023 · External reference
Primary cilia and inflammatory response: unveiling new mechanisms in osteoarthritis progression
10.3389/ebm.2025.10490 · 2025 · External reference
Exploring the role of hormones and cytokines in osteoporosis development
10.3390/biomedicines12081830 · 2024 · External reference
Exercise improves subchondral bone microenvironment through regulating bone-cartilage crosstalk
10.3389/fendo.2023.1159393 · 2023 · External reference
Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.-derived extracellular vesicle-like particles stimulate VEGF-mediated angiogenesis to alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis
10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157259 · 2025 · External reference
Excessive mechanical loading promotes osteoarthritis development by upregulating Rcn2
10.2139/ssrn.4687151 · 2024 · External reference
Small molecule inhibitors of osteoarthritis: current development and future perspective
10.3389/fphys.2023.1156913 · 2023 · External reference
Macrophage and chondrocyte phenotypes in inflammation
10.1111/bcpt.14085 · 2024 · External reference
Potential roles of inflammation on post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle
10.3390/ijms25115903 · 2024 · External reference
Hypertension meets osteoarthritis - revisiting the vascular aetiology hypothesis
10.1038/s41584-021-00650-x · 2021 · External reference
Matrix metalloproteinases accelerate pericellular matrix breakdown and disrupt mechanotransduction in osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.actbio.2025.02.034 · 2025 · External reference
Macrophage phenotypes modulate neoangiogenesis and fibroblast profiles in synovial-like organoid cultures
10.1016/j.joca.2025.02.777 · 2025 · External reference
Fundamentals of osteoarthritis: inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.joca.2023.06.005 · 2023 · External reference
Single-cell RNA sequencing in osteoarthritis
10.1186/s12860-024-00519-3 · 2023 · External reference
Advances of long non-coding RNAs in osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis
10.1016/j.prp.2024.155413 · 2024 · External reference
Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits osteoclastogenesis via FFAR4-mediated regulation of inflammatory cytokines
10.3390/molecules30153180 · 2025 · External reference
MAGI1 attenuates osteoarthritis by regulating osteoclast fusion in subchondral bone through the RhoA-ROCK1 signaling pathway
10.1016/j.jot.2025.04.007 · 2025 · External reference
TRPA1 aggravates osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis through activating endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by SRXN1
10.1038/s41419-024-07018-5 · 2024 · External reference
Lipoxin A4 ameliorates knee osteoarthritis progression in rats by antagonizing ferroptosis through activation of the ESR2/LPAR3/Nrf2 axis in synovial fibroblast-like synoviocytes
10.1016/j.redox.2024.103143 · 2024 · External reference
Glucocorticoid impairs angiogenesis-dependent osteogenesis by downregulating EphB4 in endothelial cells
10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117586 · 2026 · External reference
Mechanisms of synovial macrophage polarization in osteoarthritis pathogenesis and their therapeutic implications
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1637731 · 2025 · External reference
Spermidine ameliorates osteoarthritis via altering macrophage polarization
10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167083 · 2024 · External reference
Targeting Msx2 as a brake in the fusion fate of osteoclasts and an anabolic therapy in pre-clinical models of osteoporosis
10.1038/s41467-025-61938-0 · 2025 · External reference
Synovial fibroblast responses to different types of injury resulting in cartilage repair or osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.joca.2025.12.023 · 2026 · External reference
PINK1 overexpression suppresses p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling to attenuate chondrocyte senescence in osteoarthritis
10.3892/ijmm.2025.5665 · 2025 · External reference
Mechanisms of gut homeostasis regulating Th17/Treg cell balance in PMOP
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1497311 · 2024 · External reference
MiR-206 regulates the Th17/Treg ratio during osteoarthritis
10.1186/s10020-021-00315-1 · 2021 · External reference
A RANKL-UCHL1-sCD13 negative feedback loop limits osteoclastogenesis in subchondral bone to prevent osteoarthritis progression
10.1038/s41467-024-53119-2 · 2024 · External reference
NOTCH2 disrupts the synovial fibroblast identity and the inflammatory response of epiphyseal chondrocytes
10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110206 · 2025 · External reference
Pristimerin suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss
10.3389/fphar.2020.621110 · 2020 · External reference
Macrophage polarization and the regulation of bone immunity in bone homeostasis
10.2147/jir.s423819 · 2023 · External reference
Endothelial PDGF-BB/PDGFR-beta signaling promotes osteoarthritis by enhancing angiogenesis-dependent abnormal subchondral bone formation
10.1038/s41413-022-00229-6 · 2022 · External reference
HIF-1α regulates bone homeostasis and angiogenesis, participating in the occurrence of bone metabolic diseases
10.3390/cells11223552 · 2022 · External reference
Macrophage membrane-biomimetic multi-layered nanoparticles targeting synovial angiogenesis for osteoarthritis therapy
10.1002/adhm.202401985 · 2025 · External reference
Cellular senescence in knee osteoarthritis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications
10.1016/j.arr.2021.101413 · 2021 · External reference
Cellular senescence: The driving force of musculoskeletal diseases
10.3390/biomedicines12091948 · 2024 · External reference
Epigenetic regulations of cellular senescence in osteoporosis
10.1016/j.arr.2024.102235 · 2024 · External reference
The role of neuropilin in bone/cartilage diseases
10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122630 · 2024 · External reference
Pyroptosis for osteoarthritis treatment: insights into cellular and molecular interactions inflammatory
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1556990 · 2025 · External reference
Non-coding RNAs in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis-related hip fractures: molecular biomarkers for precision diagnosis and prognosis
10.3389/fendo.2025.1653831 · 2025 · External reference
Update on the clinical use of trabecular bone score (TBS) in the management of osteoporosis: results of an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) under the auspices of WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging
10.1007/s00198-023-06817-4 · 2023 · External reference
DXA parameters, trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone mineral density (BMD), in fracture risk prediction in endocrine-mediated secondary osteoporosis
10.1007/s12020-021-02806-x · 2021 · External reference
Quantifying the human subchondral trabecular bone microstructure in osteoarthritis with clinical CT
10.1002/advs.202201692 · 2022 · External reference
Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and subchondral insufficiency fracture: recent insights
10.3390/biomedicines12040843 · 2024 · External reference
Butyrate-producing Lactococcus lactis-fermented goat cheese enhances bone health and reduces osteoporotic bone loss
10.3168/jds.2025-26730 · 2025 · External reference
Disentangling the molecular interplays between subchondral bone and articular cartilage in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.joca.2022.09.006 · 2023 · External reference
Autonomic nervous regulation of cellular processes during subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis
10.1152/ajpcell.00039.2023 · 2023 · External reference
Eldecalcitol ameliorates diabetic osteoporosis and glucolipid metabolic disorder by promoting Treg cell differentiation through SOCE
10.1007/s00018-024-05453-3 · 2024 · External reference
An overlooked bone metabolic disorder: cigarette smoking-induced osteoporosis
10.3390/genes13050806 · 2022 · External reference
CDK8 mediated inflammatory microenvironment aggravates osteoarthritis progression
10.1016/j.jare.2025.01.017 · 2025 · External reference
Moxibustion ameliorates abnormal subchondral bone remodeling by promoting ACSL1-mediated autophagy to degrade NLRP3 in osteoarthritis
10.1186/s13020-025-01182-2 · 2025 · External reference
Reduced serum levels of bone formation marker P1NP in psoriasis
10.3389/fmed.2021.730164 · 2021 · External reference
Bacillus coagulans ameliorates inflammatory bone loss in post-menopausal osteoporosis via modulating the "Gut-Immune-Bone" axis
10.1080/19490976.2025.2492378 · 2025 · External reference
Nerve growth factor receptor limits inflammation to promote remodeling and repair of osteoarthritic joints
10.1038/s41467-024-47633-6 · 2024 · External reference
Interaction between bone and immune cells: implications for postmenopausal osteoporosis
10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.014 · 2022 · External reference
Subchondral bone marrow adipose tissue lipolysis regulates bone formation in hand osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.joca.2024.12.005 · 2025 · External reference
The role of O-GlcNAcylation in bone metabolic diseases
10.3389/fphys.2024.1416967 · 2024 · External reference
Macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis: signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and crosstalk with synovial fibroblasts
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394108 · 2024 · External reference
Columbianadin ameliorate osteoporosis against glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in rats via alteration of RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway
10.1002/jbt.70432 · 2025 · External reference
MiR-217 participates in the progression of postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway
10.1186/s13018-025-06001-w · 2025 · External reference
Oestradiol and osteoclast differentiation: effects on p53 and mitochondrial metabolism
10.1111/eci.14195 · 2024 · External reference
Recent development of mitochondrial metabolism and dysfunction in osteoarthritis
10.3389/fphar.2025.1538662 · 2025 · External reference
Piezo1 induces mitochondrial autophagy dysfunction leading to cartilage injury in knee osteoarthritis
10.1186/s10020-025-01335-x · 2025 · External reference
Forkhead box C1 promotes the pathology of osteoarthritis in subchondral bone osteoblasts via the Piezo1/YAP axis
10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111463 · 2024 · External reference
High prevalence and underdiagnosis of osteoporosis in total hip arthroplasty candidates: a comprehensive assessment using bone mineral density, trabecular bone score, and bone turnover markers
10.1186/s13018-025-06560-y · 2025 · External reference
Osteoarthritis risk associated with romosozumab compared with teriparatide in individuals with osteoporosis: a target trial emulation study
10.1016/j.ard.2025.06.2124 · 2025 · External reference
Mechanical overloading induces GPX4-regulated chondrocyte ferroptosis in osteoarthritis via Piezo1 channel facilitated calcium influx
10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.004 · 2022 · External reference
Six-minute, in vivo MRI quantification of proximal femur trabecular bone 3D microstructure
10.1016/j.bone.2023.116900 · 2023 · External reference
Heme metabolism mediates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
10.1093/jbmr/zjaf040 · 2025 · External reference
Mitochondrial transfer balances cell redox, energy and metabolic homeostasis in the osteoarthritic chondrocyte preserving cartilage integrity
10.7150/thno.96723 · 2024 · External reference
Breaking down osteoarthritis: Exploring inflammatory and mechanical signaling pathways
10.3390/life15081238 · 2025 · External reference
Update on the role of bone turnover markers in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: A consensus paper from The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC)
10.1007/s00198-025-07422-3 · 2025 · External reference
Bone microarchitecture assessed by 3D high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) as predictor of fracture risk in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
10.1016/j.jot.2024.11.001 · 2025 · External reference
More severe microdamage and micromechanical alterations: Altered subchondral bone remodeling in varus knee osteoarthritis with osteoporosis
10.1007/s00198-025-07652-5 · 2025 · External reference
Targeting neuroinflammation in osteoarthritis with intra-articular adelmidrol
10.3390/biom12101453 · 2022 · External reference
Growth factor independence 1 ameliorates osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis via inactivation of MAPK signaling pathway
10.1016/j.jot.2025.07.003 · 2025 · External reference
Isoliensinine suppresses chondrocytes pyroptosis against osteoarthritis via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113589 · 2024 · External reference
Non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis: Comparison of ESCEO and OARSI 2019 guidelines
10.1038/s41584-020-00523-9 · 2021 · External reference
Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: Network meta-analysis
10.1136/bmj.n2321 · 2021 · External reference
Nimesulide and sodium hyaluronate ameliorate the inflammatory process and pain severity in traumatic knee osteoarthritis
10.1007/s10787-025-01799-7 · 2025 · External reference
Revisiting prostaglandin E2: A promising therapeutic target for osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.clim.2024.109904 · 2024 · External reference
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and their combination regimen in the management of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1007/s10787-024-01460-9 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate combined with celecoxib for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.11.077 · 2024 · External reference
Mechanical confinement balances ECM remodeling in chondrocytes via MAPK and Hedgehog signaling
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124171 · 2026 · External reference
Piezo1 mediates the degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix in malocclusion-induced TMJOA
10.1111/odi.14615 · 2024 · External reference
The comparative efficacy of L-glutamine, celecoxib, and glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis management
10.1038/s41598-025-93357-y · 2025 · External reference
Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain
10.1038/s41413-021-00147-z · 2021 · External reference
Orosomucoid 1 ameliorates temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by maintaining cartilage homeostasis
10.1002/advs.202500028 · 2025 · External reference
The roles of the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway in cartilage and osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.arr.2023.102015 · 2023 · External reference
Rapgef3 modulates macrophage reprogramming and exacerbates synovitis and osteoarthritis under excessive mechanical loading
10.2139/ssrn.4719979 · 2025 · External reference
Expert consensus on glucocorticoids injection for knee osteoarthritis
10.1186/s13018-025-06363-1 · 2026 · External reference
Healthy and osteoarthritis-affected joints facing the cellular crosstalk
10.3390/ijms24044120 · 2023 · External reference
Mechanical sensing protein PIEZO1 controls osteoarthritis via glycolysis mediated mesenchymal stem cells-Th17 cells crosstalk
10.1038/s41419-025-07577-1 · 2025 · External reference
The Wnt signaling cascade in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and related promising treatment strategies
10.3389/fphys.2022.954454 · 2022 · External reference
Romosozumab and denosumab combination therapy after denosumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis
10.1002/art.70002 · 2026 · External reference
Denosumab for primary osteoporosis and its impact on sarcopenia in the Chinese population: Insights from clinical evidence and RANKL pathway Mendelian randomization
10.2147/cia.s547803 · 2025 · External reference
Meta-analysis of the effects of denosumab and romosozumab on bone mineral density and turnover markers in patients with osteoporosis
10.3389/fendo.2023.1188969 · 2023 · External reference
An injectable liposome-anchored teriparatide incorporated gallic acid-grafted gelatin hydrogel for osteoarthritis treatment
10.1038/s41467-023-38597-0 · 2023 · External reference
Intravenous bisphosphonates do not improve knee pain or bone marrow lesions in people with knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis
10.1093/rheumatology/keab786 · 2022 · External reference
Targeting YAP-Hhip-mediated osteogenesis in Gli1+ osteogenic progenitors suppresses aberrant subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.joca.2025.05.007 · 2025 · External reference
Inflammation-mediated aberrant glucose metabolism in subchondral bone induces osteoarthritis
10.1093/stmcls/sxad012 · 2023 · External reference
Subchondral bone changes after joint distraction treatment for end stage knee osteoarthritis
10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.014 · 2022 · External reference
The surgical treatment of osteoarthritis
10.3390/life12070982 · 2022 · External reference
Current progress of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles on the regulation of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
10.1080/07853890.2025.2549524 · 2025 · External reference
Sclerostin-targeted delivery of PCSK9 siRNA reverses osteoporosis in OVX mice
10.1016/j.bone.2026.117808 · 2026 · External reference
Allelic expression imbalance in articular cartilage and subchondral bone refined genome-wide association signals in osteoarthritis
10.1093/rheumatology/keac498 · 2023 · External reference
The role of cells and signal pathways in subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
10.1302/2046-3758.129.bjr-2023-0081.r1 · 2023 · External reference
Role of primary cilia in skeletal disorders
10.1155/2022/6063423 · 2022 · External reference
The role of mechanically-activated ion channels Piezo1, Piezo2, and TRPV4 in chondrocyte mechanotransduction and mechano-therapeutics for osteoarthritis
10.3389/fcell.2022.885224 · 2022 · External reference
Ganoderic acid A improves osteoarthritis by regulating RANKL/OPG ratio
10.1111/cbdd.14101 · 2022 · External reference
TRAP5b and RANKL/OPG predict bone pathology in patients with Gaucher disease
10.3390/jcm10102217 · 2021 · External reference
Binding-induced fibrillogenesis peptide inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast activation against osteoporosis
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122331 · 2023 · External reference
Mechanistic links underlying the comorbidity of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: Cell fate plasticity driven by the subchondral bone microenvironment
10.3390/ijms27135757 · 2026 · External reference
