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References from Normative conflicts and collaborative governance of environmental damage in modern naval armed conflicts: an original analysis based on legal mapping and composite security. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The protection of the environment in situations of occupation under the Rome Statute
2023 · External reference
Influence-based consequence assessment of subsea pipeline failure under stochastic degradation
10.3390/en15207460 · 2022 · External reference
The use of force by non-state actors on the high seas
2020 · External reference
The obligation to prevent environmental harm in relation to armed conflict
10.1017/s1816383123000231 · 2023 · External reference
Non-traditional maritime security threats in the Indian Ocean region: Policy alternatives
10.1002/pa.2456 · 2022 · External reference
International environmental law and soft law: A new direction or a contradiction
10.1017/cbo9781139134989.013 · 2012 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1978 · External reference
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I)
1977 · External reference
The south China sea arbitration (The republic of the Philippines v. The people's republic of China)
2016 · External reference
United nations convention on the law of the sea
1982 · External reference
Vienna convention on the law of treaties
1969 · External reference
The NordStream pipeline attack incident and the lawful responses to it
2023 · External reference
Environmental destruction as a weapon of war: A human rights and humanitarian law perspective
10.24252/aldev.v7i1.54352 · 2025 · External reference
Protecting the environment in armed conflict: Evaluating the US perspective
10.1017/s1816383123000516 · 2023 · External reference
Protection of the marine environment and obligation erga omnes
2011 · External reference
The implication of the “common concern of mankind” concept on global environmental issues
1991 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
China’s perspective on the international maritime order
10.1007/s41111-025-00313-2 · 2025 · External reference
Rio declaration on environment and development
2020 · External reference
10.1017/9781108866477
10.1017/9781108866477 · 2023 · External reference
Discussion on the marine protected area on the high seas: From the perspective of obligations erga omnes partes
10.35534/ecolciviliz.2024.10003 · 2024 · External reference
Recognising ecocide as an international crime: Rejecting anthropocentricism by embracing an eco-centric approach
2022 · External reference
Divided but harmonious? The interpretations and applications of Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
10.36633/ulr.528 · 2020 · External reference
Protection and preservation of the marine environment through human rights-based approach: Potentials, limitations and recommendations
10.3389/fmars.2025.1683117 · 2025 · External reference
Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems
10.1146/annurev-marine-041911-111611 · 2012 · External reference
‘Human, all too human’: The anthropocentricisation of ecocide
10.1080/13642987.2025.2545294 · 2025 · External reference
Turning the tide on remnants of war at sea? Toward the principles for protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts
10.1163/15718085-bja10190 · 2024 · External reference
10.1017/cbo9780511596636
10.1017/cbo9780511596636 · 2009 · External reference
War and ecology in the Black Sea
2022 · External reference
The doctrine of military necessity and the preservation of humanity in warfare: The sustainability of the delicate balance
2023 · External reference
1976 Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
1976 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1987 · External reference
International humanitarian law: From law to action: Report on the follow-up to the International Conference for the Protection of War Victims (Doc. 95/C.I/2/2)
1995 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Guidelines on the Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict: Rules and Recommendations Relating to the Protection of the Natural Environment under International Humanitarian Law, with Commentary
2020 · External reference
Military necessity
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
2006 · External reference
Draft principles on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts, with commentaries (A/77/10)
2022 · External reference
Revised guidelines for the identification and designation of particularly sensitive sea areas (Resolution A.982(24))
2005 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
10.1163/9789004233577
10.1163/9789004233577 · 2013 · External reference
The war impact on Ukraine’s marine environment
10.20535/2218-930012024316112 · 2024 · External reference
Environmental destruction in Ecuador: Crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute
10.1017/s0922156517000267 · 2017 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1996 · External reference
Lun haishang jingchai quan [On maritime police power
2026 · External reference
Theoretical paradigm reconstruction in global ocean governance amid technological change: A genealogical study
10.1007/s44312-025-00067-0 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2021 · External reference
Restrictions on the use of force at sea: An environmental protection perspective
10.1017/s181638311700039x · 2016 · External reference
Legal deterrence by denial: Strategic initiative and international law in the gray zone
10.1353/tns.00005 · 2025 · External reference
Case for environmental harm as a 12th crime against humanity
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Military confrontation in the South China Sea (Contingency Planning Memorandum No. 36)
2020 · External reference
The concept of erga omnes obligations in international law
10.2139/ssrn.3502662 · 2013 · External reference
Principle of systemic integration
2020 · External reference
The due regard principle in IHL: Protecting the environment amid armed conflict
2026 · External reference
Let's talk about policy: Non-State armed groups and international environmental law
2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
NOAA supports response to oil tanker fire in Red Sea
2025 · External reference
Environmental impacts of the Houthis' attacks against commercial shipping in the Red Sea
10.3389/fpos.2025.1711643 · 2025 · External reference
ILC Report on “Fragmentation” is out and favors close WTO-international law link
2006 · External reference
Responding to eco-terrorism
1991 · External reference
From conflict to climate crisis: How wars shape the future environment
10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129692 · 2026 · External reference
Ecocide: A new avenue for climate justice
2026 · External reference
Environmental law: Is an obligation erga omnes emerging
2018 · External reference
Piracy at sea and the limits of international law
10.1007/s12180-010-0013-3 · 2011 · External reference
Military necessity and humanity in international humanitarian law: Preserving the delicate balance
10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_3 · 2010 · External reference
Ecocide in the future through the new EU Environmental Crime Directive: The peak of a successful process of depoliticisation
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2021 · External reference
10.1017/9781108545907
10.1017/9781108545907 · 2019 · External reference
Efthymios papastavridis. The interception of vessels on the high seas, contemporary challenges to the legal order of the oceans
10.1093/ejil/chu044 · 2014 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2004 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1988 · External reference
Report and Recommendations Made by the Panel of Commissioners Concerning the Fifth Instalment of “F4” Claims (UN Doc. S/AC.26/2005/10, 30 June 2005)
2005 · External reference
Resolution 1851 (S/RES/1851(2008))
2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1990 · External reference
Environment, protection in armed conflict. Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
2019 · External reference
Regional air pollution caused by a simultaneous destruction of major industrial sources during the 1999 air campaign in Yugoslavia
2002 · External reference
Invisible and vital: Undersea cables and transatlantic security
2021 · External reference
The rule of law system for China’s marine security
10.3389/fmars.2024.1484285 · 2024 · External reference
