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References from Data-driven subtyping of Parkinson’s disease using MRI: current insights, challenges, and future directions. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Parkinson’s disease progression is multifaceted: Evidence for the underlying benchmarks.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106037 · 2024 · External reference
Functional brain network disruptions in Parkinson’s disease: Insights from information theory and machine learning.
10.3390/diagnostics14232728 · 2024 · External reference
Analysis of partial volume effects in diffusion-tensor MRI.
10.1002/mrm.1105 · 2001 · External reference
Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain.
10.1016/j.nurt.2007.05.011 · 2007 · External reference
Resting-state functional brain networks in Parkinson’s disease.
10.1111/cns.12417 · 2015 · External reference
Altered static and dynamic functional network connectivity in Parkinson’s disease: A multisite functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
10.1016/j.ibneur.2026.06.002 · 2026 · External reference
The α-synuclein origin and connectome model (SOC Model) of Parkinson’s disease: Explaining motor asymmetry, non-motor phenotypes, and cognitive decline.
10.3233/jpd-202481 · 2021 · External reference
Brain-first versus gut-first Parkinson’s disease: A hypothesis.
10.3233/jpd-191721 · 2019 · External reference
Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams.
10.1038/s41586-020-2314-9 · 2020 · External reference
High-dimensional data clustering.
10.1016/j.csda.2007.02.009 · 2007 · External reference
Magnetic resonance imaging of brain structural and functional changes in cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson’s disease.
10.3389/fnagi.2024.1494385 · 2024 · External reference
Identifying and validating subtypes of Parkinson’s disease based on multimodal MRI data via hierarchical clustering analysis.
10.3389/fnhum.2022.919081 · 2022 · External reference
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: Diagnosis and management.
10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70373-8 · 2006 · External reference
The role of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism.
10.3389/fneur.2020.00665 · 2020 · External reference
Neuroimaging and pathology biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism.
10.3390/brainsci16010110 · 2026 · External reference
Prognosis and neuropathologic correlation of clinical subtypes of parkinson disease.
10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4377 · 2019 · External reference
Unsupervised machine learning methods and emerging applications in healthcare.
10.1007/s00167-022-07233-7 · 2023 · External reference
Harmonization of multi-site diffusion tensor imaging data.
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.047 · 2017 · External reference
New resampling method for evaluating stability of clusters.
10.1186/1471-2105-9-42 · 2008 · External reference
The clinical heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease and its therapeutic implications.
10.1111/ejn.14094 · 2019 · External reference
Clinically relevant connectivity features define three subtypes of Parkinson’s disease patients.
10.1002/hbm.25110 · 2020 · External reference
Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.
10.1007/s00702-017-1717-8 · 2017 · External reference
What are the true clusters?
10.1016/j.patrec.2015.04.009 · 2015 · External reference
Resting-state connectivity in neurodegenerative disorders: Is there potential for an imaging biomarker?
10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.013 · 2018 · External reference
Brain-first versus body-first Parkinson’s disease: A multimodal imaging case-control study.
10.1093/brain/awaa238 · 2020 · External reference
In vivo detection of substantia nigra and locus coeruleus volume loss in Parkinson’s disease using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI: Replication in two cohorts.
10.1371/journal.pone.0282684 · 2023 · External reference
MRI subtypes in Parkinson’s disease across diverse populations and clustering approaches.
10.1038/s41531-024-00759-2 · 2024 · External reference
Hierarchical cluster analysis of multimodal imaging data identifies brain atrophy and cognitive patterns in Parkinson’s disease.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.11.010 · 2021 · External reference
Variable expression of Parkinson’s disease: A base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. The parkinson study group.
10.1212/wnl.40.10.1529 · 1990 · External reference
Diffusion MRI fiber tractography of the brain.
10.1002/nbm.3785 · 2019 · External reference
Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments.
10.1098/rsta.2015.0202 · 2016 · External reference
Parkinson’s disease.
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3 · 2015 · External reference
Clinical characteristics in early Parkinson’s disease in a central California population-based study.
10.1002/mds.20513 · 2005 · External reference
Drug-induced parkinsonism: Too many cooks in the kitchen.
10.7759/cureus.44896 · 2023 · External reference
Nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease subtypes.
10.1002/mds.26510 · 2016 · External reference
Parkinson’s disease subtypes: lost in translation?
10.1136/jnnp-2012-303455 · 2013 · External reference
Reproducibility of data-driven Parkinson’s disease subtypes for clinical research.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.07.009 · 2018 · External reference
Dopaminergic imaging in degenerative parkinsonisms, an established clinical diagnostic tool.
10.1111/jnc.15561 · 2023 · External reference
Identification of Parkinson’s disease subtypes with distinct brain atrophy progression and its association with clinical progression.
10.1093/psyrad/kkae002 · 2024 · External reference
Data-driven, cross-sectional image-based subtyping and staging of brain volumetric changes in Parkinson’s disease.
10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106970 · 2025 · External reference
Free water elimination and mapping from diffusion MRI.
10.1002/mrm.22055 · 2009 · External reference
Neuroimaging in Parkinson disease: From research setting to clinical practice.
10.1038/nrneurol.2014.205 · 2014 · External reference
Harmonization of large MRI datasets for the analysis of brain imaging patterns throughout the lifespan.
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116450 · 2020 · External reference
MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease.
10.1002/mds.26424 · 2015 · External reference
Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging studies on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.003 · 2025 · External reference
Subtyping of Parkinson’s disease - where are we up to?
10.14336/ad.2019.0112 · 2019 · External reference
Identifying Parkinson’s disease subtypes with motor and non-motor symptoms via model-based multi-partition clustering.
10.1038/s41598-021-03118-w · 2021 · External reference
Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis.
10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7 · 1987 · External reference
Delineating three distinct spatiotemporal patterns of brain atrophy in Parkinson’s disease.
10.1093/brain/awae303 · 2024 · External reference
Data dimensional reduction and principal components analysis.
10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.111 · 2019 · External reference
Non motor subtypes and Parkinson’s disease.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.027 · 2016 · External reference
Brain connections derived from diffusion MRI tractography can be highly anatomically accurate-if we know where white matter pathways start, where they end, and where they do not go.
10.1007/s00429-020-02129-z · 2020 · External reference
Tractography dissection variability: What happens when 42 groups dissect 14 white matter bundles on the same dataset?
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118502 · 2021 · External reference
Confirmation of a gyral bias in diffusion MRI fiber tractography.
10.1002/hbm.23936 · 2018 · External reference
Neuroimaging in advanced Parkinson’s disease: Insights into pathophysiology, biomarkers, and personalized therapies.
10.1007/s00702-025-02942-y · 2025 · External reference
Neuroimaging-based data-driven subtypes of spatiotemporal atrophy due to Parkinson’s disease.
10.1093/braincomms/fcaf146 · 2025 · External reference
The statistics and mathematics of high dimension low sample size asymptotics.
10.5705/ss.202015.0088 · 2016 · External reference
How stable are Parkinson’s disease subtypes in de novo patients: Analysis of the PPMI cohort?
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.04.027 · 2016 · External reference
Current clinical applications of structural MRI in neurological disorders.
10.3988/jcn.2025.0185 · 2025 · External reference
Challenges in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.
10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00030-2 · 2021 · External reference
Progression of Parkinson’s disease patients’ subtypes based on cortical thinning: 4-year follow-up.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.05.012 · 2019 · External reference
Cortical atrophy patterns in early Parkinson’s disease patients using hierarchical cluster analysis.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.006 · 2018 · External reference
Patterns of cortical thinning in nondemented Parkinson’s disease patients.
10.1002/mds.26590 · 2016 · External reference
HYDRA: Revealing heterogeneity of imaging and genetic patterns through a multiple max-margin discriminative analysis framework.
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.041 · 2017 · External reference
Non-motor symptom subtypes in early Parkinson’s disease.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107982 · 2025 · External reference
Neuroanatomical heterogeneity drives divergent cognitive and motor trajectories in Parkinson’s disease subtypes.
10.1016/j.jns.2024.123335 · External reference
Parkinson’s disease subtypes and their association with probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder severity: A brainstem tractography and machine learning investigation.
10.1007/s11682-024-00956-w · External reference
Data-driven neurobiological subtyping of Parkinson’s disease using diffusion MRI-derived isotropic diffusion.
10.1007/s00234-026-03939-4 · 2026 · External reference
The inconsistency and instability of Parkinson’s disease motor subtypes.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.016 · 2021 · External reference
Association of specific biotypes in patients with parkinson disease and disease progression.
10.1212/wnl.0000000000010498 · 2020 · External reference
Unsupervised machine learning for the discovery of latent disease clusters and patient subgroups using electronic health records.
10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103364 · 2020 · External reference
Neuroimaging-based variability in subtyping biomarkers for psychiatric heterogeneity.
10.1038/s41380-024-02807-y · 2025 · External reference
A probabilistic classification tool for genetic subtypes of diffuse large b cell lymphoma with therapeutic implications.
10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.015 · 2020 · External reference
The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease.
10.1007/s00702-023-02635-4 · 2023 · External reference
Current and projected future economic burden of Parkinson’s disease in the U.S.
10.1038/s41531-020-0117-1 · 2020 · External reference
Recent progress in the applications of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in parkinsonism.
10.4103/1673-5374.391180 · 2025 · External reference
Deterministic diffusion fiber tracking improved by quantitative anisotropy.
10.1371/journal.pone.0080713 · 2013 · External reference
Generalized q-sampling imaging.
10.1109/tmi.2010.2045126 · 2010 · External reference
Uncovering the heterogeneity and temporal complexity of neurodegenerative diseases with subtype and stage inference.
10.1038/s41467-018-05892-0 · 2018 · External reference
Bootstrapping estimates of stability for clusters, observations and model selection.
10.1007/s00180-018-0830-y · 2019 · External reference
Neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease in an era of targeted interventions.
10.1038/s41467-024-49949-9 · 2024 · External reference
Identifying brain degeneration patterns in early-stage Parkinson’s disease: A multimodal MRI study.
10.1038/s41531-025-00975-4 · 2025 · External reference
