References

High frequency of mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in the peripheral blood of adults with intellectual disability

10.1111/jir.13197 · 2025 · External reference

Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and corresponding therapeutic strategies

10.3390/biomedicines13020327 · 2025 · External reference

Postsynaptic autism spectrum disorder genes and synaptic dysfunction

10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105564 · 2022 · External reference

Alzheimer's disease as a synaptopathy: evidence for dysfunction of synapses during disease progression

10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1129036 · 2023 · External reference

Autism and dementia: a summative report from the 2nd international summit on intellectual disabilities and dementia

10.1007/s10803-025-06843-7 · 2025 · External reference

Association between autism and dementia across generations: evidence from a family study of the Swedish population

10.1038/s41380-025-03045-6 · 2025 · External reference

The prevalence and incidence of early-onset dementia among adults with autism spectrum disorder

10.1002/aur.2590 · 2021 · External reference

Environmental toxicology and metabolism

10.3390/metabo14100530 · 2024 · External reference

Bridging environmental exposures and brain health with an integrative framework for understanding neurobiological impacts

10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106444 · 2025 · External reference

The impact of maternal high-fat diet consumption on neural development and behavior of offspring

10.1038/ijosup.2012.15 · 2012 · External reference

Maternal nutritional programming shapes the cerebral landscape

10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.008 · 2024 · External reference

Maternal immune activation: A critical prenatal risk factor for autism spectrum disorder

10.1016/j.medj.2025.100967 · 2026 · External reference

Microenvironment dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder: Immune, epigenetic, synaptic, and gut-brain mechanisms

10.1016/j.medj.2026.101034 · 2026 · External reference

Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: proposed psychological and neural mechanisms

10.1111/nyas.13928 · 2018 · External reference

Epigenetic regulation of brain development, plasticity, and response to early-life stress

10.1038/s41386-025-02179-z · 2026 · External reference

The role of maternal obesity in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders

10.3389/fnins.2015.00194 · 2015 · External reference

Maternal high-fat diet programming of the neuroendocrine system and behavior

10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.008 · 2015 · External reference

Lipid peroxidation and neuroinflammation: a possible link between maternal fructose intake and delay of acquisition of neonatal reflexes in Wistar female rats

10.1002/dneu.22921 · 2023 · External reference

Pregestational fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats causes sexually dimorphic behavioral changes in their offspring

10.1002/dneu.22940 · 2024 · External reference

From maternal metabolism to offspring brain: how high-fructose diets shape neurodevelopment

10.1016/j.tins.2026.03.006 · 2026 · External reference

Mitochondrial functions modulate neuroendocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and transcriptional responses to acute psychological stress

10.1073/pnas.1515733112 · 2015 · External reference

Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation: intertwined roads to neurodegeneration

10.3390/antiox9080647 · 2020 · External reference

Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in neurodegenerative diseases

10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.004 · 2012 · External reference

Microglial metabolic reprogramming: emerging insights and therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases

10.1007/s10571-023-01376-y · 2023 · External reference

Microglia-orchestrated neuroinflammation and synaptic remodeling: roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors in neurodegeneration

10.3389/fncel.2025.1700692 · 2025 · External reference

Brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation at the basis of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

10.3389/fnagi.2015.00094 · 2015 · External reference

The theory of latent vulnerability: Reconceptualizing the link between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder

10.1017/s09545794155 · 2015 · External reference

Metabolic programming in early life in humans

10.1098/rstb.2018.0123 · 2019 · External reference

Cognitive synaptopathy: synaptic and dendritic spine dysfunction in age-related cognitive disorders

10.3389/fnagi.2024.1476909 · 2024 · External reference

Synaptic networks shape clinical phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders: an integrative clinical, genetic and biological perspective

10.64898/2026.01.23.701319 · 2026 · External reference

Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications

10.1038/nrg3142 · 2012 · External reference

Perinatal programming of emotional brain circuits: an integrative view from systems to molecules

10.3389/fnins.2014.00011 · 2014 · External reference

Epigenetic programming by early-life stress, in Epigenetics and Psychiatric Disease

2018 · External reference

How early-life programming during embryogenesis imprints cellular memory

10.3390/ijms27010163 · 2025 · External reference

The hallmarks of aging

10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039 · 2013 · External reference

Midlife adiposity predicts earlier onset of Alzheimer's dementia, neuropathology and presymptomatic cerebral amyloid accumulation

10.1038/mp.2015.129 · 2016 · External reference

Common neurodegenerative pathways in obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease

10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.04.017 · 2017 · External reference

Obesity as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: weighing the evidence

10.1111/obr.12629 · 2018 · External reference

Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums

10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185 · 2018 · External reference

Cellular Stresses and Stress Responses in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

10.1155/2018/4321714 · 2018 · External reference

Alpha-7 nicotinic receptors in nervous system disorders: from function to therapeutic perspectives

10.2174/1871524916666160729111446 · 2017 · External reference

Do nicotinic receptors modulate high-order cognitive processing?

10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.001 · 2020 · External reference

Dysregulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor–cholesterol crosstalk in autism spectrum disorder

10.3389/fnmol.2021.744597 · 2021 · External reference

Activation of the macrophage α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and control of inflammation

10.1007/s11481-015-9601-5 · 2015 · External reference

Heterogeneous inhibition in macroscopic current responses of four nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes by cholesterol enrichment

10.1007/s00232-016-9896-z · 2016 · External reference

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a typical “allosteric machine”

10.1098/rstb.2017.0174 · 2018 · External reference

Diversity of native nicotinic receptor subtypes in mammalian brain

10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.003 · 2015 · External reference

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a mediator of pathogenesis and therapeutic target in autism spectrum disorders and down syndrome

10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.005 · 2015 · External reference

Neuronal and glial α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: role in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology

10.3390/life15071032 · 2025 · External reference

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-cholesterol crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease

10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.036 · 2010 · External reference

Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration

10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052358 · 2017 · External reference

Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets

10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0 · 2023 · External reference

Microglia across evolution: from conserved origins to functional divergence

10.1038/s41423-025-01368-6 · 2025 · External reference

Fructose overconsumption-induced reprogramming of microglia metabolism and function

10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375453 · 2024 · External reference

Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity

10.1152/physrev.00019.2009 · 2010 · External reference

Ultra-processed foods and health outcomes: a narrative Review

10.3390/nu12071955 · 2020 · External reference

Global trends in added sugars and non-nutritive sweetener use in the packaged food supply: drivers and implications for public health

10.1017/s1368980022001598 · 2023 · External reference

Total and added sugar intake: assessment in eight Latin American countries

10.3390/nu10040389 · 2018 · External reference

Cerebral fructose metabolism as a potential mechanism driving Alzheimer's disease

10.3389/fnagi.2020.560865 · 2020 · External reference

The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

10.1001/jama.2026.0283 · 2026 · External reference

Unresolved reference

External reference

A review of total and added sugar intakes and dietary sources in Europe

10.1186/s12937-016-0225-2 · 2017 · External reference

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with added sugar content in the diets of US children, NHANES 2009-2014

10.1111/ijpo.12563 · 2019 · External reference

Sources of added sugars intake among the U.S. population: analysis by selected sociodemographic factors using the national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-18

10.3389/fnut.2021.687643 · 2021 · External reference

Could Alzheimer's disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism?

10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.002 · 2023 · External reference

Mindful eating: a deep insight into fructose metabolism and its effects on appetite regulation and brain function

10.1155/jnme/5571686 · 2025 · External reference

Effect of high-fructose consumption in pregnancy on the bone growth of offspring rats

10.3389/fnut.2023.1203063 · 2023 · External reference

Early life high fructose impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment

10.1038/s41586-025-09098-5 · 2025 · External reference

Do microglia metabolize fructose in Alzheimer's disease?

10.1186/s12974-025-03401-x · 2025 · External reference

Ketohexokinase-dependent metabolism of cerebral endogenous fructose in microglia drives diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction

10.1038/s12276-023-01112-y · 2023 · External reference

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

10.4161/auto.19496 · 2012 · External reference

Lipid-laden microglia: characterization and roles in diseases

10.3390/cells14161281 · 2025 · External reference

Lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia represent a dysfunctional and proinflammatory state in the aging brain

10.1038/s41593-019-0566-1 · 2020 · External reference

Microglia-specific regulation of lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease revealed by microglial depletion in 5xFAD Mice

10.1038/s41467-025-64161-z · 2025 · External reference

Too sweet to be savory: how fructose elicits microglia-driven disturbance of neurodevelopment

10.1038/s41422-025-01148-x · 2025 · External reference

Aldose reductase inhibitors attenuate β-amyloid-induced TNF-α production in microlgia via ROS-PKC-mediated NF-κB and MAPK pathways

10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.005 · 2017 · External reference

The role of aldose reductase in beta-amyloid-induced microglia activation

10.3390/ijms232315088 · 2022 · External reference

Microglial metabolism is a pivotal factor in sexual dimorphism in Alzheimer's disease

10.1038/s42003-021-02259-y · 2021 · External reference

Altered metabolism and DAM-signatures in female brains and microglia with aging

10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148772 · 2024 · External reference

The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates network dysfunction in a mouse model of local amyloid pathology

10.1038/s41380-025-03241-4 · 2026 · External reference

The effects of aging vs

10.1007/s11357-010-9155-7 · 2011 · External reference

Aging-induced alterations in microglial cells and their impact on neurodegenerative disorders

10.1007/s11033-025-10623-y · 2025 · External reference

Cholinergic modulation of neuroinflammation: focus on α7 nicotinic receptor

10.3390/ijms22094912 · 2021 · External reference

Activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor prevents against microglial-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in hypothalamic neuronal cells

10.3390/cells11142195 · 2022 · External reference

Targeting neuronal alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation in age-related neurological disorders

10.1007/s10571-025-01586-6 · 2025 · External reference

Nanoscale sub-compartmentalization of the dendritic spine compartment

10.3390/biom11111697 · 2021 · External reference

Microglial cell response in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice after systemic infection with Escherichia coli

10.1186/s12974-022-02452-8 · 2022 · External reference

Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributes to long-term cognitive recovery following ischemic stroke

10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115562 · 2026 · External reference

Cholesterol homeostasis in neurons and glial cells

10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.01.005 · 2005 · External reference

Cholesterol dysmetabolism in Alzheimer's disease: a starring role for astrocytes?

10.3390/antiox10121890 · 2021 · External reference

Brain cholesterol homeostasis and its association with neurodegenerative diseases

10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105635 · 2023 · External reference

Cholesterol imbalance and neurotransmission defects in neurodegeneration

10.1038/s12276-024-01273-4 · 2024 · External reference

Cholesterol and matrisome pathways dysregulated in astrocytes and microglia

10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.017 · 2022 · External reference

The role of ApoE-mediated microglial lipid metabolism in brain aging and disease

10.1097/in9.0000000000000018 · 2023 · External reference

Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegeneration with an LXR agonist

10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.023 · 2024 · External reference

Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol

10.1073/pnas.2102191118 · 2021 · External reference

Mechanisms of Disease: new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease—targeting APP processing in lipid rafts

10.1038/ncpneuro0549 · 2007 · External reference

Amyloid β, lipid metabolism, basal cholinergic system, and therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease

10.3390/ijms232012092 · 2022 · External reference

Adaptations of energy metabolism associated with increased levels of mitochondrial cholesterol in Niemann-Pick type C1-deficient cells

10.1074/jbc.m114.559914 · 2014 · External reference

Cholesterol alters mitophagy by impairing optineurin recruitment and lysosomal clearance in Alzheimer's disease

10.1186/s13024-021-00435-6 · 2021 · External reference

Cholesterol depletion disrupts caveolae and insulin receptor signaling for metabolic control via insulin receptor substrate-1, but not for mitogen-activated protein kinase control

10.1074/jbc.m007454200 · 2001 · External reference

Mechanisms involved in cholesterol-induced neuronal insulin resistance

10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.05.013 · 2009 · External reference

Demonstrated brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease patients is associated with IGF-1 resistance, IRS-1 dysregulation, and cognitive decline

10.1172/jci59903 · 2012 · External reference

Mitochondria and mitochondrial cascades in Alzheimer's disease

10.3233/jad-170585 · 2018 · External reference

Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease

10.1038/s41583-019-0132-6 · 2019 · External reference

Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia

10.1073/pnas.2635903100 · 2004 · External reference

Regional variability of imaging biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease

10.1073/pnas.1317918110 · 2013 · External reference

10.3389/fnagi.2018.00425

10.3389/fnagi.2018.00425 · 2018 · External reference

Brain laterality evaluated by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography in autism spectrum disorders

10.3389/fnmol.2022.901016 · 2022 · External reference

Brain fuel metabolism, aging, and Alzheimer's disease

10.1016/j.nut.2010.07.021 · 2011 · External reference

Glycolytic metabolism, brain resilience, and Alzheimer's disease

10.3389/fnins.2021.662242 · 2021 · External reference

Pathophysiologic similarities between autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic possibilities

10.3389/fnins.2025.1737007 · 2025 · External reference

Vascular contributions to Alzheimer's disease

10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.003 · 2023 · External reference

Neuronal glucose transporter isoform 3 deficient mice demonstrate features of autism spectrum disorders

10.1038/mp.2009.51 · 2010 · External reference

Terazosin drives sex-dependent adrenergic–bioenergetic reprogramming to restore network function in Alzheimer's disease

10.64898/2026.04.02.716175 · 2026 · External reference

Early onset Alzheimer's disease and oxidative stress

10.1155/2014/375968 · 2014 · External reference

Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: role in pathogenesis and novel therapeutic opportunities

10.1111/bph.14585 · 2019 · External reference

Cholinergic modulation of microglial activation by alpha 7 nicotinic receptors

10.1046/j.1471-4159.2004.02347.x · 2004 · External reference

The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a pharmacological target for inflammation

10.1038/sj.bjp.0707264 · 2007 · External reference

Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: native subtypes and their relevance

10.1016/j.tips.2006.07.004 · 2006 · External reference

Rodent habenulo-interpeduncular pathway expresses a large variety of uncommon nAChR subtypes, but only the α3β4 and α3β3β4 subtypes mediate acetylcholine release

10.1523/jneurosci.5121-08.2009 · 2009 · External reference

Role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer's disease pathology and treatment

10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.018 · 2015 · External reference

Homomeric and heteromeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in health and some central nervous system diseases

10.3390/membranes11090664 · 2021 · External reference

Structural basis of human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation

10.1038/s41422-021-00509-6 · 2021 · External reference

10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107122

10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107122 · 2025 · External reference

Structural basis for lipid modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function

10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.06.008 · 2004 · External reference

Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function

10.1152/physrev.00015.2008 · 2009 · External reference

Sphingolipid/cholesterol regulation of neurotransmitter receptor conformation and function

10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.08.016 · 2009 · External reference

10.1038/s41467-025-61167-5

10.1038/s41467-025-61167-5 · 2025 · External reference

10.3389/fimmu.2019.01063

10.3389/fimmu.2019.01063 · 2019 · External reference

10.1007/s11011-023-01167-w

10.1007/s11011-023-01167-w · 2023 · External reference

Positive Allosteric modulators of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for the treatment of several central nervous system diseases

10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00520 · 2024 · External reference

Autism and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: new pharmacological and herbal interventions

10.1186/s43094-025-00843-1 · 2025 · External reference

Therapeutic targeting of the α7 nicotinic receptor: challenges and prospects for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's and schizophrenia

10.1111/bcpt.70061 · 2025 · External reference

Endogenous fructose production: what do we know and how relevant is it?

10.1097/mco.0000000000000573 · 2019 · External reference

Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: the case for future pediatric redoxomics studies

10.3390/antiox11071336 · 2022 · External reference

Metformin in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias

10.14283/jpad.2023.113 · 2023 · External reference

Semaglutide ameliorates cognition and glucose metabolism dysfunction in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via the GLP-1R/SIRT1/GLUT4 pathway

10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109716 · 2023 · External reference

A multimodal precision-prevention approach combining lifestyle intervention with metformin repurposing to prevent cognitive impairment and disability: the MET-FINGER randomised controlled trial protocol

10.1186/s13195-023-01355-x · 2024 · External reference

Aldose reductase as a key target in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive review

10.3390/biomedicines12040747 · 2024 · External reference

Synapse-associated neuropathological markers in Alzheimer disease

10.1093/brain/awag117 · 2026 · External reference

Structure and function meet at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-lipid interface

10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106729 · 2023 · External reference