Research graph
References from Neuroinflammation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: the multi-target potential of esketamine in modulating microglial responses and synaptic integrity. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Critical role of matrix metallopeptidase 9 in postoperative cognitive dysfunction and age-dependent cognitive decline.
10.18632/oncotarget.15545 · 2017 · External reference
Morroniside ameliorates sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice through modulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
10.17305/bb.2024.11433 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of thoracic paravertebral block combined with s-ketamine on postoperative pain and cognitive function after thoracoscopic surgery.
10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12231 · 2022 · External reference
Sirtuin 3. (SIRT3) improves sevoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive impairment by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress.
10.14715/cmb/2024.70.2.9 · 2024 · External reference
Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery—2018.
10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.087 · 2018 · External reference
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation and postoperative neurocognitive disorders in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
10.1097/js9.0000000000002344 · 2025 · External reference
The effects of esketamine on postoperative delirium in older patients with fragile brain function during the non-acute phase following lung cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial.
10.1186/s12877-025-06268-y · 2025 · External reference
Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 ameliorates perioperative neurocognitive disorders, suppressing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus in aged mice.
10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106317 · 2020 · External reference
Role of mTOR-regulated autophagy in synaptic plasticity related proteins downregulation and the reference memory deficits induced by anesthesia/surgery in aged mice.
10.3389/fnagi.2021.628541 · 2021 · External reference
Esketamine at a clinical dose attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting AKT signaling pathway to facilitate microglia M2 polarization and autophagy.
10.2147/dddt.s504179 · 2025 · External reference
Esketamine ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction aggravated by preoperative acute sleep deprivation in aged mice via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
10.3389/fnagi.2026.1798915 · 2026 · External reference
Effect of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: A randomized controlled trial.
10.2147/dddt.s401161 · 2023 · External reference
Surgery upregulates high mobility group box-1 and disrupts the blood-brain barrier causing cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.
10.1111/cns.12018 · 2012 · External reference
Effects of NBP on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in rats via Nrf 2/ARE pathway.
10.18632/aging.204481 · 2023 · External reference
Subanesthetic S-ketamine prevents postoperative delirium and reduces inflammatory cytokines in older patients receiving hip fracture surgery: A randomized, controlled study.
10.1007/s00210-025-04945-8 · 2026 · External reference
Identification of key genes in esketamine’s therapeutic effects on perioperative neurocognitive disorders via transcriptome sequencing.
10.2147/dddt.s510752 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of small dose esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms in elderly patients undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery for malignant tumors: A randomized clinical trial.
10.1097/md.0000000000040028 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of esketamine in preventing perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.
10.1186/s13643-025-02807-1 · 2025 · External reference
Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 attenuates surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice.
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110810 · 2023 · External reference
Autophagy dysfunction and mTOR hyperactivation is involved in surgery: Induced behavioral deficits in aged C57BL/6J mice.
10.1007/s11064-019-02918-x · 2020 · External reference
Effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium and inflammatory response in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled study.
10.1053/j.jvca.2025.04.013 · 2025 · External reference
Increased plasma levels of danger-associated molecular patterns are associated with immune suppression and postoperative infections in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00663 · 2018 · External reference
Esketamine alleviates surgery-induced postoperative cognitive decline via inhibition of the STING/TBK1 signaling pathway in aged rats.
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.004 · 2022 · External reference
Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: A meta-analysis.
10.1186/s12871-024-02803-3 · 2024 · External reference
Neuropsychological tests in post-operative cognitive dysfunction: Methods and applications.
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684307 · 2021 · External reference
Atorvastatin attenuates surgery-induced BBB disruption and cognitive impairment partly by suppressing NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aged mice.
10.1093/abbs/gmab022 · 2021 · External reference
Sirtuin 3 protects against anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive decline in aged mice by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation.
10.1186/s12974-021-02089-z · 2021 · External reference
Effects of esketamine on postoperative negative emotions and early cognitive disorders in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery: A randomized controlled trial.
10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111447 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of low-dose esketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial.
10.2147/dddt.s477342 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of esketamine on postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia for gastrointestinal tumors: A randomized controlled trial.
10.2147/dddt.s406568 · 2023 · External reference
The effect of esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor surgery: A randomized double-blind controlled study.
10.3389/fmed.2025.1653132 · 2025 · External reference
Esketamine: Less drowsiness, more analgesia.
10.1213/ane.0000000000006851 · 2024 · External reference
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of S(+)-ketamine during open-heart surgery.
10.1213/01.ane.0000117227.00820.0c · 2004 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.
10.1136/bmj.n71 · 2021 · External reference
Role of peripheral inflammatory markers in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. (POCD): A meta-analysis.
10.1371/journal.pone.0079624 · 2013 · External reference
Dysregulation of BDNF/TrkB signaling mediated by NMDAR/Ca2+/calpain might contribute to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aging mice.
10.1186/s12974-019-1695-x · 2020 · External reference
The assessment of postoperative cognitive function.
10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045003275.x · 2001 · External reference
Low-dose S-ketamine exerts antidepressant-like effects via enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity in postpartum depression rats.
10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100422 · 2022 · External reference
Biomarkers and postoperative cognitive function: Could it be that easy?
10.1097/aco.0000000000000676 · 2019 · External reference
Long-term consequences of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
10.1097/aln.0b013e318195b569 · 2009 · External reference
Is postoperative cognitive dysfunction a risk factor for dementia? A cohort follow-up study.
10.1093/bja/aes466 · 2013 · External reference
Neuroinflammation and perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
10.1213/ane.0000000000004053 · 2019 · External reference
Microglia participate in postoperative cognitive dysfunction by mediating the loss of inhibitory synapse through the complement pathway.
10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137049 · 2023 · External reference
Esketamine is neuroprotective against traumatic brain injury through its modulation of autophagy and oxidative stress via AMPK/mTOR-dependent TFEB nuclear translocation.
10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114436 · 2023 · External reference
Effects of esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
10.2147/dddt.s481173 · 2024 · External reference
Diagnostic criteria of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A focused systematic review.
10.1155/2020/7384394 · 2020 · External reference
Esketamine and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice: Role of the SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
10.36721/pjps.2026.39.5.reg.15336.1 · 2026 · External reference
The influence of low-dose s-ketamine on postoperative delirium and cognitive function in older adults undergoing thoracic surgery.
10.1186/s13019-024-02811-x · 2024 · External reference
Electroacupuncture pretreatment ameliorates anesthesia and surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction via activation of an α7-nAChR signal in aged rats.
10.2147/ndt.s322047 · 2021 · External reference
Esketamine prevents postoperative emotional and cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglial M1 polarization and regulating the BDNF-TrkB pathway in ageing rats with preoperative sleep disturbance.
10.1007/s12035-023-03860-4 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass: A randomized controlled trial.
10.1213/ane.0000000000006925 · 2024 · External reference
Esketamine alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction via Rock2/Add1 signaling pathway in aged mice.
10.1007/s11064-026-04710-0 · 2026 · External reference
Role and mechanism of esketamine in improving postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice through the TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway.
10.1002/kjm2.12778 · 2024 · External reference
S-ketamine alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
10.1139/cjpp-2020-0763 · 2021 · External reference
Role of BDNF/ProBDNF imbalance in postoperative cognitive dysfunction by modulating synaptic plasticity in aged mice.
10.3389/fnagi.2022.780972 · 2022 · External reference
Resveratrol mitigates hippocampal tau acetylation and cognitive deficit by activation SIRT1 in aged rats following anesthesia and surgery.
10.1155/2020/4635163 · 2020 · External reference
mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane in mice.
10.7150/ijbs.91543 · 2024 · External reference
Neuroinflammation after surgery: From mechanisms to therapeutic targets.
10.1038/s41590-020-00812-1 · 2020 · External reference
Fluoxetine alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by attenuating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway activation in aged mice.
10.1007/s00011-023-01738-8 · 2023 · External reference
SIRT3 activator honokiol ameliorates surgery/anesthesia-induced cognitive decline in mice through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory in hippocampus.
10.1111/cns.13053 · 2019 · External reference
The effects of opioid-free anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and esketamine on postoperative anesthetic-related complications for hip surgery in the elderly.
10.2147/ijgm.s492771 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of esketamine on postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive function in elderly gastrointestinal tumor patients with preoperative anxiety.
10.2147/dddt.s528902 · 2025 · External reference
General anesthesia with S-ketamine improves the early recovery and cognitive function in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial.
10.1186/s12871-023-02161-6 · 2023 · External reference
Effects of PYRIN-containing Apaf1-like protein 1 on isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.
10.3892/mmr.2020.11244 · 2020 · External reference
Electroacupuncture ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress via the SIRT1/FOXO1 autophagy pathway: An animal study.
10.1111/jcmm.70436 · 2025 · External reference
Diurnal variation of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing esketamine anesthesia for elective noncardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial.
10.1097/js9.0000000000001642 · 2024 · External reference
TAK1 Reduces surgery-induced overactivation of RIPK1 to relieve neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.
10.1007/s11064-023-03959-z · 2023 · External reference
Role of esketamine in attenuating neuroinflammation and improving postoperative cognitive function via autophagy activation through PARP1 targeting.
10.33549/physiolres.935577 · 2025 · External reference
Critical role of P2X7 receptors in the neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction after surgery.
10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.005 · 2017 · External reference
Microglial pyroptosis in hippocampus mediates sevolfurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice via ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109725 · 2023 · External reference
Effect of S-ketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial.
10.1097/aln.0000000000005800 · 2026 · External reference
Elamipretide attenuates pyroptosis and perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice.
10.3389/fncel.2020.00251 · 2020 · External reference
