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References from Metabolic switching in MASLD: therapeutic roles of ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, and the gut-liver axis. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Intermittent fasting regimens for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1097/meg.0000000000002715 · 2024 · External reference
EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.031 · 2024 · External reference
A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement
10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039 · 2020 · External reference
The pathophysiology of MASLD: an immunometabolic perspective
10.1080/1744666x.2023.2294046 · 2024 · External reference
Lipid metabolism in MASLD and MASH: from mechanism to the clinic
10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101185 · 2024 · External reference
Molecular mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): functional analysis of glucose and fructose metabolism pathways
10.1042/cs20257727 · 2025 · External reference
The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review
10.1097/hep.0000000000000004 · 2023 · External reference
The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00165-0 · 2022 · External reference
The physiology of MASLD: molecular pathways between liver and adipose tissues
10.1042/cs20257571 · 2025 · External reference
Risk factors and biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an observational cross-sectional population survey
10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019974 · 2018 · External reference
The impact of short-term eucaloric low- and high-carbohydrate diets on liver triacylglycerol content in males with overweight and obesity: a randomized crossover study
10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.006 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic or alcoholic elevated liver enzymes on incidence of diabetes following lifestyle intervention: a subanalysis of the J-DOIT1
10.1002/1348-9585.12109 · 2020 · External reference
Mediterranean diet for the management of pre-existing metabolic diseases: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis featured in the Italian national guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea.”
10.1016/j.nut.2025.112975 · 2026 · External reference
Pros and cons of different dietary patterns for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156425 · 2026 · External reference
A new nomenclature for the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT). Ketodiets and nutraceuticals expert panels: “KetoNut”, Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI)
10.1007/s13668-024-00560-w · 2024 · External reference
Advancing obesity management: the very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) as an evolution of the “traditional” ketogenic diet
10.1007/s13679-025-00622-2 · 2025 · External reference
De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than just a shunting yard for glucose
10.1111/brv.12178 · 2016 · External reference
Hepatic selective insulin resistance at the intersection of insulin signaling and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.006 · 2024 · External reference
Insulin resistance drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
10.1172/jci134165 · 2020 · External reference
Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for prevention and therapy
10.3390/antiox10020174 · 2021 · External reference
Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025 · 2020 · External reference
Heme oxygenase, biliverdin reductase, and bilirubin pathways regulate oxidative stress and insulin resistance: a focus on diabetes and therapeutics
10.1042/cs20242825 · 2025 · External reference
The microbiome and metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease
10.3390/ijms26072882 · 2025 · External reference
Gut-liver Axis: the role of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
10.5009/gnl240539 · 2025 · External reference
The gut-liver axis in liver disease: pathophysiological basis for therapy
10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.003 · 2020 · External reference
Gut microbiota metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis and therapeutic implications
10.3390/ijms21155214 · 2020 · External reference
Dietary influences on gut microbiota and their role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
10.3390/nu17010143 · 2024 · External reference
Bile acid signaling in MASLD: from pathogenesis to therapeutic applications
10.1097/hep.0000000000001539 · 2025 · External reference
Targeting ketone body metabolism to treat fatty liver disease
10.3389/jpps.2024.13375 · 2024 · External reference
The impact of ketone body metabolism on mitochondrial function and cardiovascular diseases
10.5551/jat.rv22011 · 2023 · External reference
Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive review of the literature
10.1111/obr.13024 · 2020 · External reference
Multi-dimensional roles of ketone bodies in fuel metabolism, signaling, and therapeutics
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.022 · 2017 · External reference
Effect of intermittent fasting on liver function tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
10.1093/nutrit/nuae070 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of intermittent fasting regimens on glycemic, hepatic, anthropometric, and clinical markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.11.009 · 2024 · External reference
The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on liver function in healthy adults: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108951 · 2021 · External reference
The impact of dietary interventions on metabolic outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and comorbid conditions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes
10.3390/nu17071257 · 2025 · External reference
Replacing dietary carbohydrate with protein and fat improves lipoprotein subclass profile and liver fat in type 2 diabetes independent of body weight: evidence from 2 randomized controlled trials
10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.030 · 2025 · External reference
Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized clinical trial
10.1007/s11684-021-0861-6 · 2021 · External reference
Effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on hepatic lipid content in adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot, randomized trial
10.1111/ijpo.12630 · 2020 · External reference
Impact of a low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0006 · 2020 · External reference
Ketogenic diet in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and liver dysfunction who are obese: a randomized, open-label, parallel-group, controlled pilot trial
10.1111/jog.14650 · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy of a 2-month very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) compared to a standard low-calorie diet in reducing visceral and liver fat accumulation in patients with obesity
10.3389/fendo.2020.00607 · 2020 · External reference
Short-term weight loss and hepatic triglyceride reduction: evidence of a metabolic advantage with dietary carbohydrate restriction
10.3945/ajcn.110.007674 · 2011 · External reference
The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study
10.1007/s10620-006-9433-5 · 2007 · External reference
Ketogenic diets and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a literature review
10.1186/s13578-025-01494-8 · 2026 · External reference
Intermittent fasting and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the potential role of the gut-liver axis
10.1186/s13578-025-01406-w · 2025 · External reference
Intermittent fasting improves Cardiometabolic risk factors and alters gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome patients
10.1210/clinem/dgaa644 · 2021 · External reference
Gut microbiota modulation as a possible mediating mechanism for fasting-induced alleviation of metabolic complications: a systematic review
10.1186/s12986-021-00635-3 · 2021 · External reference
The influence of physical exercise, ketogenic diet, and time-restricted eating on De novo lipogenesis: a narrative review
10.3390/nu17040663 · 2025 · External reference
The role of intermittent fasting in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a narrative review
10.3390/nu14214655 · 2022 · External reference
The beneficial and adverse effects of Autophagic response to caloric restriction and fasting
10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.006 · 2023 · External reference
Treatment of NAFLD with intermittent calorie restriction or low-carb high-fat diet - a randomised controlled trial
10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100256 · 2021 · External reference
FDA approves Resmetirom: groundbreaking treatment for NASH liver scarring in moderate to advanced fibrosis
10.1097/ms9.0000000000002770 · 2024 · External reference
A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in NASH with liver fibrosis
10.1056/nejmoa2309000 · 2024 · External reference
Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
10.1056/nejmoa2413258 · 2025 · External reference
Wegovy now approved for treatment of severe liver disease
10.1001/jama.2025.13358 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of healthy low-carbohydrate diet and time-restricted eating on weight and gut microbiome in adults with overweight or obesity: feeding RCT
10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101801 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of intermittent fasting on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fnut.2021.709683 · 2021 · External reference
Ketogenic weight loss: the lowering of insulin levels is the sleeping giant in patient care
2016 · External reference
Effects of calorie restricted diet on oxidative/antioxidative status biomarkers and serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
10.3390/nu14122509 · 2022 · External reference
Effects of time-restricted eating on intrahepatic fat and metabolic health among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
10.1002/oby.23965 · 2024 · External reference
Insulin resistance, postprandial GLP-1 and adaptive immunity are the main predictors of NAFLD in a homogeneous population at high cardiovascular risk
10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.011 · 2016 · External reference
The effect of minimal dietary changes with raisins in NAFLD patients with non-significant fibrosis: a randomized controlled intervention
10.1039/c6fo01040g · 2016 · External reference
Evidence-based review of the nutritional treatment of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children and adolescents
10.1002/jpn3.70099 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of lifestyle intervention on adults with metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fendo.2023.1081096 · 2023 · External reference
The prevalence of lean/nonobese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1097/mcg.0000000000001270 · 2020 · External reference
Comparative analysis of metabolic and inflammatory biomarker profiles in phenotypes of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
10.29271/jcpsp.2025.09.1106 · 2025 · External reference
Gut microbiota in patients with metabolic, dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
10.1097/mco.0000000000001128 · 2025 · External reference
Hepatic metabolism and ketone production in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
10.1097/mog.0000000000001079 · 2025 · External reference
Gut microbiome-based metagenomic signature for non-invasive detection of advanced fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.001 · 2017 · External reference
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the interplay between metabolism, microbes and immunity
10.1038/s42255-021-00501-9 · 2021 · External reference
A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
10.1056/nejmoa2028395 · 2021 · External reference
Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study
10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00803-x · 2016 · External reference
The integrative human microbiome project
10.1038/s41586-019-1238-8 · 2019 · External reference
Multi-omics approaches to disease
10.1186/s13059-017-1215-1 · 2017 · External reference
Prophylactic effects of nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
10.1080/07853890.2025.2464223 · 2025 · External reference
Impacts of Ramadan fasting on metabolic and hepatic endpoints in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1002/jgh3.70264 · 2025 · External reference
A randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness and adherence of modified alternate-day calorie restriction in improving activity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
10.1038/s41598-019-47763-8 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of alternate-day fasting on body weight and dyslipidaemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled trial
10.1186/s12876-019-1132-8 · 2019 · External reference
Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and affects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans
10.3390/nu11061234 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease
10.1056/nejmra1905136 · 2019 · External reference
Scientific evidence underlying contraindications to the ketogenic diet: an update
10.1111/obr.13053 · 2020 · External reference
Diet and lifestyle interventions in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a comprehensive review
10.3390/ijms26199625 · 2025 · External reference
The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomized trial in young overweight women
10.1038/ijo.2010.171 · 2011 · External reference
Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1017/s0007114513000548 · 2013 · External reference
Effects of intermittent fasting on glucose and lipid metabolism
10.1017/s0029665116002986 · 2017 · External reference
Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1017/s0007114515004699 · 2016 · External reference
Comparison of low fat and low carbohydrate diets on circulating fatty acid composition and markers of inflammation
10.1007/s11745-007-3132-7 · 2008 · External reference
Zonulin, regulation of tight junctions, and autoimmune diseases
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06538.x · 2012 · External reference
