Research graph
References from Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance, physiological outcomes, and body composition in females engaged in exercise or training: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z · 2017 · External reference
Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis
10.1123/ijsnem.13.2.198 · 2003 · External reference
Does oral creatine supplementation improve strength? A meta-analysis
2002 · External reference
Creatine supplementation and lower limb strength performance: a systematic review and meta-analyses
10.1007/s40279-015-0337-4 · 2015 · External reference
Influence of age, sex, and type of exercise on the efficacy of creatine supplementation on lean body mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
10.1016/j.nut.2022.111791 · 2022 · External reference
Effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training on muscle strength gains in adults <50 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3390/nu16213665 · 2024 · External reference
Creatine supplementation and age influence muscle metabolism during exercise
10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1349 · 1998 · External reference
Effects of creatine supplementation on the energy cost of muscle contraction: a 31P-MRS study
10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.116 · 1999 · External reference
Use of phosphocreatine kinetics to determine the influence of creatine on muscle mitochondrial respiration: an in vivo 31P-MRS study of oral creatine ingestion
10.1152/japplphysiol.01021.2003 · 2004 · External reference
Human skeletal muscle creatine transporter mRNA and protein expression in healthy, young males and females
10.1007/978-1-4615-0247-0_23 · 2003 · External reference
Acute and moderate-term creatine monohydrate supplementation does not affect creatine transporter mRNA or protein content in either young or elderly humans
10.1007/978-1-4615-0247-0_24 · 2003 · External reference
Creatine monohydrate supplementation, but not creatyl-L-leucine, increased muscle creatine content in healthy young adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0074 · 2022 · External reference
Exercise-induced changes in intramuscular total creatine concentration measured with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a pilot study
10.14814/phy2.16171 · 2024 · External reference
Muscle creatine levels and sprint performance in young adult vegans and vegetarians after 7 days of creatine monohydrate supplementation
10.14814/phy2.70539 · 2025 · External reference
Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: recent findings
10.2165/00007256-200535020-00002 · 2005 · External reference
Creatine in health and disease
10.3390/nu13020447 · 2021 · External reference
Beyond sports: efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in pathological or paraphysiological conditions of brain and muscle
10.1002/med.21590 · 2019 · External reference
Bioavailability, efficacy, safety, and regulatory status of creatine and related compounds: a critical review
10.3390/nu14051035 · 2022 · External reference
Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?
10.1080/15502783.2024.2441760 · 2025 · External reference
International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete
10.1080/15502783.2023.2204066 · 2023 · External reference
Dietary recommendations for body mass and composition manipulation in male and female athletes: a scoping review of consensus statements, position stands and practice guidelines from international expert groups
10.1007/s40279-025-02285-4 · 2025 · External reference
Creatine for women: a review of the relationship between creatine and the reproductive cycle and female-specific benefits of creatine therapy
10.1007/s00726-016-2199-y · 2016 · External reference
Creatine supplementation in women's health: a lifespan perspective
10.3390/nu13030877 · 2021 · External reference
Creatine supplementation beyond athletics: benefits of different types of creatine for women, vegans, and clinical populations—a narrative review
10.3390/nu17010095 · 2025 · External reference
Creatine in women's health: bridging the gap from menstruation through pregnancy to menopause
10.1080/15502783.2025.2502094 · 2025 · External reference
Prevalence of sports supplements consumption and its association with food choices among female elite football players
10.1016/j.nut.2023.112239 · 2024 · External reference
Dietary supplement use in competitive Spanish football players and differences according to sex
10.3390/nu17040602 · 2025 · External reference
Safety of long-term creatine supplementation in women's football players: a real-world in-season study
10.1080/15502783.2025.2591782 · 2025 · External reference
Creatine as an ergogenic aid for female athletes
10.1519/ssc.0000000000000208 · 2016 · External reference
Ergogenic aids to improve physical performance in female athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
10.3390/nu15010081 · 2023 · External reference
Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players
10.1123/ijsnem.12.1.33 · 2002 · External reference
Effects of plyometric training and creatine supplementation on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in female soccer players
10.1016/j.jsams.2015.10.005 · 2016 · External reference
The effects of creatine monohydrate loading on exercise recovery in active women throughout the menstrual cycle
10.3390/nu15163567 · 2023 · External reference
Creatine monohydrate supplementation changes total body water and DXA lean mass estimates in female collegiate dancers
10.1080/15502783.2023.2193556 · 2023 · External reference
Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training
10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.2055 · 1997 · External reference
The effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training in women
10.1519/00124278-200005000-00015 · 2000 · External reference
Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on body composition and strength indices in experienced resistance-trained women
10.1519/00124278-200611000-00035 · 2006 · External reference
The effect of creatine supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during off-season training in female soccer players
10.1519/00124278-200011000-00011 · 2000 · External reference
Effect of creatine on swimming velocity, body composition and hydrodynamic variables
2007 · External reference
Short-term creatine loading without weight gain improves sprint, agility and leg strength performance in female futsal players
10.1016/j.scispo.2018.11.003 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with strength training on the physical fitness characteristics and muscle hypertrophy in junior women wrestlers
10.1055/s-0044-1788683 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of creatine monohydrate gummies on performance and body composition in female beach volleyball athletes
10.3390/jfmk11010105 · 2026 · External reference
Oral creatine supplementation and upper extremity anaerobic response in females
10.1123/ijsnem.10.3.277 · 2000 · External reference
Short-term creatine supplementation improves maximum quadriceps contraction in women
10.1123/ijsnem.13.1.87 · 2003 · External reference
Effect of two and five days of creatine loading on anaerobic working capacity in women
10.1519/00124278-200402000-00025 · 2004 · External reference
The effects of creatine loading and gender on anaerobic running capacity
10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e06d0e · 2010 · External reference
The effect of creatine loading on neuromuscular fatigue in women
10.1249/mss.0000000000000194 · 2014 · External reference
Creatine monohydrate supplementation does not augment fitness, performance, or body composition adaptations in response to four weeks of high-intensity interval training in young females
10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0129 · 2017 · External reference
Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine supplementation on muscle carnosine, body composition and exercise performance in recreationally active females
10.1186/s12970-014-0055-6 · 2014 · External reference
Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance without additional impact on the cardiovascular system in trained women
10.3390/muscles1030013 · 2022 · External reference
Does creatine supplementation enhance performance in active females?
10.3390/nu17020238 · 2025 · External reference
Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package
10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · 2010 · External reference
Robust variance estimation in meta-regression with dependent effect size estimates
10.1002/jrsm.5 · 2010 · External reference
Small-sample methods for cluster-robust variance estimation and hypothesis testing in fixed effects models
10.1080/07350015.2016.1247004 · 2018 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
10.1136/bmj.n71 · 2021 · External reference
Distribution theory for Glass's estimator of effect size and related estimators
10.3102/10769986006002107 · 1981 · External reference
Creatine supplementation and swimming performance
10.1123/ijsn.9.3.251 · 1999 · External reference
RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
10.1136/bmj.l4898 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Effect of creatine loading on neuromuscular fatigue threshold
10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.109 · 2000 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmers
10.1123/ijsn.7.4.330 · 1997 · External reference
The effects of 6 weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation on performance measures and body composition in collegiate track and field athletes
10.1519/00124278-199905000-00009 · 1999 · External reference
The effect of 6 weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation on dynamic rate of force development
10.1519/00124278-200011000-00010 · 2000 · External reference
Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females
10.1123/ijsnem.10.4.452 · 2000 · External reference
The effects of 8 weeks of creatine monohydrate and glutamine supplementation on body composition and performance measures
10.1519/00124278-200308000-00002 · 2003 · External reference
Eight weeks of creatine supplementation, but not creatine plus sodium bicarbonate, increases exercise performance
2016 · External reference
Effect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmers
10.1136/bjsm.30.3.222 · 1996 · External reference
Creatine supplementation does not increase peak power production and work capacity during repetitive Wingate testing in women
10.1519/00124278-199911000-00016 · 1999 · External reference
The effect of creatine on treadmill running with high-intensity intervals
10.1519/00124278-200308000-00003 · 2003 · External reference
Effect of creatine phosphate supplementation on anaerobic working capacity and body weight after two and six days of loading in men and women
10.1519/00124278-200511000-00006 · 2005 · External reference
Effect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults
10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e7419a · 2011 · External reference
Short-term creatine supplementation and repeated sprint ability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0072 · 2022 · External reference
Creatine supplementation enhances intermittent work performance
10.1080/02701367.1997.10608002 · 1997 · External reference
Effect of creatine loading on anaerobic performance and skeletal muscle volume in NCAA Division I athletes
10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00802-4 · 2002 · External reference
Swim performance following creatine supplementation in Division III athletes
10.1519/00124278-200308000-00001 · 2003 · External reference
The effects of creatine supplementation: a review with special regards to ballgames
10.1080/17461390300073309 · 2003 · External reference
Creatine supplementation and athletic performance
10.2519/jospt.2003.33.10.615 · 2003 · External reference
Low-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain
10.1016/j.nut.2010.04.001 · 2011 · External reference
Creatine supplementation does not enhance submaximal aerobic training adaptations in healthy young men and women
10.1007/s00421-006-0267-9 · 2006 · External reference
The effect of creatine supplementation on lean body mass with and without resistance training
10.3390/nu17061081 · 2025 · External reference
Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women
10.1097/00005768-200002000-00007 · 2000 · External reference
Creatine supplementation increases total body water without altering fluid distribution
2003 · External reference
Effects of creatine supplementation during resistance training sessions in physically active young adults
10.3390/nu12061880 · 2020 · External reference
Timing of creatine supplementation around exercise: a real concern?
10.3390/nu13082844 · 2021 · External reference
Effect of creatine supplementation on oxygen uptake kinetics during submaximal cycle exercise
10.1152/japplphysiol.01065.2001 · 2002 · External reference
Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
10.1098/rspb.2003.2492 · 2003 · External reference
Creatine supplementation does not improve cognitive function in young adults
10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.05.009 · 2008 · External reference
Creatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individuals
10.1080/13825580600788100 · 2007 · External reference
The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivores
10.1017/s0007114510004733 · 2011 · External reference
Can creatine combat the mental fatigue-associated decrease in visuomotor skills?
10.1249/mss.0000000000002122 · 2020 · External reference
Creatine supplementation enhances corticomotor excitability and cognitive performance during oxygen deprivation
10.1523/jneurosci.3113-14.2015 · 2015 · External reference
Creatine supplementation and brain health
10.3390/nu13020586 · 2021 · External reference
The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance: a randomised controlled study
10.1186/s12916-023-03146-5 · 2023 · External reference
10.2165/00007256-200030030-00002 · 2000 · Admitted local publication
A comparison of thermoregulation with creatine supplementation between the sexes in a thermoneutral environment
2004 · External reference
Risk assessment of the potential side effects of long-term creatine supplementation in team sport athletes
10.1007/s00394-004-0519-6 · 2005 · External reference
Does creatine supplementation hinder exercise heat tolerance or hydration status? A systematic review with meta-analyses
10.4085/1062-6050-44.2.215 · 2009 · External reference
Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
10.1007/s00421-010-1676-3 · 2011 · External reference
A short review of the most common safety concerns regarding creatine ingestion
10.3389/fnut.2025.1682746 · 2025 · External reference
Creatine supplementation in children and adolescents
10.3390/nu13020664 · 2021 · External reference
The effect of creatine supplementation on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention trials
10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0282 · 2021 · External reference
The paradoxical effect of creatine monohydrate on muscle damage markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1007/s40279-022-01640-z · 2022 · External reference