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References from Clinical evidence and biological mechanisms linking obesity to adverse outcomes in pediatric and adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Analysis of global trends in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children aged 0-5 years from 1990 to 2021
10.3389/fped.2025.1542649 · 2025 · External reference
Analysis of global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia from 1990 to 2021
10.1371/journal.pone.0330479 · 2025 · External reference
Enhanced risk stratification for children and young adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Children's Oncology Group report
10.1038/s41375-024-02166-1 · 2024 · External reference
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02750-2 · 2024 · External reference
Levels and trends in child malnutritions: Key findings of the 2025 edition of the joint child malnutririon estimates
2025 · External reference
Changes in asparaginase exposure and toxicity profiles in obese pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
10.3324/haematol.2024.285788 · 2025 · External reference
Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies
10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15268-3 · 2004 · External reference
Identifying and assessing overweight, obesity and central adiposity
2026 · External reference
Body mass index (BMI) - related indicators
2025 · External reference
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3 · 2017 · External reference
Contributions of clinical obesity and preclinical obesity to the all-cause mortality risk: Findings from the UK Biobank cohort
10.1002/dmrr.70095 · 2025 · External reference
Association of obesity with survival outcomes in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3520 · 2021 · External reference
Adipocyte and lipid metabolism in cancer drug resistance
10.1172/jci127201 · 2019 · External reference
Are novel oral oncolytics underdosed in obese patients
10.1007/s00280-023-04601-z · 2024 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics of obese adults: Not only an increase in weight
10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115281 · 2023 · External reference
Conditioning chemotherapy dose adjustment in obese patients: a review and position statement by the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation practice guideline committee
10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.01.019 · 2014 · External reference
Obesity challenges the hepatoprotective function of the integrated stress response to asparaginase exposure in mice
10.1074/jbc.m116.768408 · 2017 · External reference
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.3324/haematol.2020.247031 · 2020 · External reference
Obesity as a potential risk factor for vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy
10.1097/mph.0000000000001604 · 2020 · External reference
Body mass index during maintenance therapy and relapse risk in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Children's Oncology Group report
10.1002/cncr.34529 · 2023 · External reference
Obesity as a predictor of treatment-related toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
10.1111/bjh.17936 · 2022 · External reference
Obesity in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia increases the risk of adverse events during pre-maintenance chemotherapy
10.1002/pbc.27515 · 2019 · External reference
Obesity and risk for venous thromboembolism from contemporary therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1016/j.thromres.2018.02.150 · 2018 · External reference
Obesogenic microbial signatures and the development of obesity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107017 · 2023 · External reference
Obesity is associated with residual leukemia following induction therapy for childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1182/blood-2014-08-595389 · 2014 · External reference
Increased prevalence of CRLF2 rearrangements in obesity-associated acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1182/blood.2021011106 · 2021 · External reference
Nutritional status and body composition at diagnosis, of South Indian children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.7.2361 · 2024 · External reference
Body mass index associated with childhood and adolescent high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk: A Children's Oncology Group report
10.1002/cam4.3334 · 2020 · External reference
Overweight or obesity and outcomes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9952 · 2025 · External reference
Overweight and obesity as predictors of early mortality in Mexican children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a multicenter cohort study
10.1186/s12885-019-5878-8 · 2019 · External reference
Obesity is associated with poor prognosis in ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1182/blood-2025-1542 · 2025 · External reference
Trends of obesity over time and its prognostic significance in children and adolescents with newly-diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Canada: A population-based study
10.1182/blood-2023-178401 · 2023 · External reference
High occurrence of CRLF2 abnormalities in Mexican children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155896 · 2022 · External reference
Abstract 3118: Obesity as a risk factor for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3118 · 2019 · External reference
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for osteonecrosis in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.3324/haematol.2016.160507 · 2017 · External reference
Effect of body fat on population pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1002/jcph.1799 · 2021 · External reference
Visceral fat and body fat as risk factors for methotrexate toxicity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma
10.1002/pbc.32108 · 2026 · External reference
Effect of obesity on the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans
10.2165/11318100-000000000-00000 · 2010 · External reference
Obesity and drug pharmacology: a review of the influence of obesity on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters
10.1080/17425255.2018.1440287 · 2018 · External reference
Impact of chemotherapy dose capping on treatment intensity and survival in early breast cancer patients with high body surface area
10.1007/s00404-026-08317-2 · 2026 · External reference
Therapeutic drug monitoring to adjust dosing in morbid obesity - a new use for an old methodology
10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04159.x · 2012 · External reference
Appropriate systemic therapy dosing for obese adult patients with cancer: ASCO guideline update
10.1200/jco.21.00471 · 2021 · External reference
Individual 5-fluorouracil dose adjustment via pharmacokinetic monitoring versus conventional body-area-surface method: A meta-analysis
10.1097/ftd.0000000000000238 · 2016 · External reference
In vivo imaging of antileukemic drug asparaginase reveals a rapid macrophage-mediated clearance from the bone marrow
10.2967/jnumed.116.177741 · 2017 · External reference
Evaluation of body-surface-area adjusted dosing of high-dose methotrexate by population pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of cancer patients
10.1186/s12885-021-08443-x · 2021 · External reference
Successful re-exposure to high-dose methotrexate after severely delayed methotrexate elimination and renal toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.3324/haematol.2025.300277 · 2026 · External reference
Delayed cytogenetic and major molecular responses associated to increased BMI at baseline in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib
10.1016/j.canlet.2012.12.018 · 2013 · External reference
How I treat obesity and obesity related surgery in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: An outcome of an ELN project
10.1002/ccr3.3738 · 2021 · External reference
Prognostic effect of body mass index in patients with acute leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective cohort study
10.1177/09636897251349377 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of obesity on stem cell transplant outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1182/blood-2024-204446 · 2024 · External reference
Outcomes in obese patients undergoing induction therapy for acute leukemia
10.1177/1078155218772329 · 2019 · External reference
Impact of body mass index on outcome and treatment-related toxicity in young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1080/0284186x.2023.2258450 · 2023 · External reference
The impact of obesity and its related underlying diseases on cytokine release syndrome and the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in treating B-cell Malignancies
10.1007/s00277-025-06338-6 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of BMI on toxicities and survival among adolescents and young adults treated on DFCI Consortium ALL trials
10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009976 · 2023 · External reference
An MRD-stratified pediatric protocol is as deliverable in adolescents and young adults as in children with ALL
10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005576 · 2021 · External reference
Obesity associates with inferior outcomes and toxicity in pediatric and young adult patient with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with commercially manufactured tisagenlecleucel
10.1182/blood-2022-163336 · 2022 · External reference
Venous thromboembolism in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on a pediatric-inspired regimen
10.1182/blood-2023-178353 · 2024 · External reference
Blinatumomab in de novo AYA ALL-Results of the Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group ALL09 "SUBLIME" study
10.1002/hem3.70291 · 2026 · External reference
Severe methotrexate toxicity following a capizzi cycle in an obese adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and hepatic steatosis
10.1097/mph.0000000000002771 · 2024 · External reference
Retrospective studies - utility and caveats
10.4997/jrcpe.2020.409 · 2020 · External reference
BMI-related errors in the measurement of obesity
10.1038/ijo.2008.87 · 2008 · External reference
Body composition with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: from basics to new tools
10.21037/qims.2020.03.02 · 2020 · External reference
Value of waist-to-hip ratio as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in adolescents with obesity
10.23750/abm.v94i3.13755 · 2023 · External reference
The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) international database: aims, scope, and call for data
10.1038/s41430-023-01310-x · 2023 · External reference
Limitations of body mass index to assess body composition due to sarcopenic obesity during leukemia therapy
10.3109/10428194.2015.1136741 · 2018 · External reference
A bilingual dietary intervention early in treatment is feasible and prevents weight gain in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1002/pbc.28910 · 2021 · External reference
Early nutrition intervention attenuates weight gain for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in maintenance therapy
10.1097/mph.0000000000000975 · 2018 · External reference
Adaptation of family-based health promotion to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment: NOURISH-ALL
10.1093/abm/kaaf090 · 2025 · External reference
Bone marrow sites differently imprint dormancy and chemoresistance to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004960 · 2017 · External reference
Strong inflammatory response and Th1-polarization profile in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia without apparent infection
10.3892/or.2016.4657 · 2016 · External reference
Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in apparently healthy infants and prepubertal Egyptian children with different nutritional statuses
10.1186/s12887-024-05118-x · 2024 · External reference
The brain and immune system prompt energy shortage in chronic inflammation and ageing
10.1038/nrrheum.2017.172 · 2017 · External reference
Origin and development of the adipose tissue, a key organ in physiology and disease
10.3389/fcell.2021.786129 · 2021 · External reference
Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis
10.1038/s41467-020-16878-2 · 2020 · External reference
Marrow fat-secreted factors as biomarkers for osteoporosis
10.1007/s11914-019-00550-w · 2019 · External reference
Bone marrow fat and hematopoiesis
10.3389/fendo.2018.00694 · 2018 · External reference
Chemotherapy-induced senescence, an adaptive mechanism driving resistance and tumor heterogeneity
10.1080/15384101.2019.1652047 · 2019 · External reference
CD44 promotes chemoresistance in T-ALL by increased drug efflux
10.1016/j.exphem.2015.12.001 · 2016 · External reference
Obesity-induced galectin-9 is a therapeutic target in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1038/s41467-022-28839-y · 2022 · External reference
Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span
10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 · 2019 · External reference
Adipocytes orchestrate obesity-related chronic inflammation through beta2-microglobulin
10.1038/s41392-025-02486-3 · 2025 · External reference
The controversial role of IL-6 in adipose tissue on obesity-induced dysregulation of glucose metabolism
10.1152/ajpendo.00306.2020 · 2020 · External reference
Adipokines: masterminds of metabolic inflammation
10.1038/s41577-024-01103-8 · 2025 · External reference
The long form of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb) is widely expressed in the human brain
10.1159/000054536 · 2000 · External reference
Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans
10.1056/nejm199602013340503 · 1996 · External reference
Leptin applications in 2015: what have we learned about leptin and obesity
10.1097/med.0000000000000184 · 2015 · External reference
Leptin levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus inversely correlate with regulatory T cell frequency
10.1177/0961203317703497 · 2017 · External reference
Leptin induces immunosenescence in human B cells
10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103994 · 2020 · External reference
Impact of serum adiponectin and leptin levels in acute leukemia
10.1179/1607845412y.0000000059 · 2013 · External reference
Serum adiponectin and resistin levels in de novo and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia children patients
2013 · External reference
Prognostic observational analysis of BMI, leptin, and adiponectin in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy
10.3389/fped.2022.797836 · 2022 · External reference
Serial plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin during therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1097/mph.0b013e3181b8a50c · 2010 · External reference
Fasting selectively blocks development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia via leptin-receptor upregulation
10.1038/nm.4252 · 2017 · External reference
Mouse models of human disease: An evolutionary perspective
10.1093/emph/eow014 · 2016 · External reference
Insulin resistance
2025 · External reference
Association between hyperinsulinemia and increased risk of cancer death in nonobese and obese people: A population-based observational study
10.1002/ijc.30729 · 2017 · External reference
High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adolescents receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
2025 · External reference
Drug induced diabetes mellitus in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: approach to diagnosis and management
10.1097/mph.0000000000002494 · 2022 · External reference
Autocrine IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling is responsible for constitutive PI3K/Akt activation in acute myeloid leukemia: therapeutic value of neutralizing anti-IGF-1R antibody
10.3324/haematol.2009.010785 · 2010 · External reference
High-level IGF1R expression is required for leukemia-initiating cell activity in T-ALL and is supported by Notch signaling
10.1084/jem.20110121 · 2011 · External reference
Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1007/s12185-012-1234-3 · 2013 · External reference
IGF-1R mRNA expression is increased in obese children
10.1016/j.ghir.2017.11.001 · 2018 · External reference
GZD824 suppresses the growth of human B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by inhibiting the SRC kinase and PI3K/AKT pathways
10.18632/oncotarget.10881 · 2017 · External reference
IGF1R/IRS1 targeting has cytotoxic activity and inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.030 · 2019 · External reference
Insulin Substrate Receptor (IRS) proteins in normal and Malignant hematopoiesis
10.6061/clinics/2018/e566s · 2018 · External reference
The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins: at the intersection of metabolism and cancer
10.4161/cc.10.11.15824 · 2011 · External reference
IRS1/beta-Catenin axis is activated and induces MYC expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
10.1002/jcb.25845 · 2017 · External reference
AMPK-induced activation of Akt by AICAR is mediated by IGF-1R dependent and independent mechanisms in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1186/1750-2187-5-15 · 2010 · External reference
Obesity and dyslipidemia
2000 · External reference
Obesity and dyslipidemia: A review of current evidence
10.1007/s13679-023-00518-z · 2023 · External reference
Dyslipidemia at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
10.1371/journal.pone.0231209 · 2020 · External reference
Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the obese may develop as part of a homeostatic response to elevated free fatty acids: A mechanistic case-control and a population-based cohort study
10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103264 · 2021 · External reference
Alteration of serum free fatty acids are indicators for progression of pre-leukaemia diseases to leukaemia
10.1038/s41598-018-33224-1 · 2018 · External reference
Interplay between hypertriglyceridemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia mediated by the cooperation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha with the PML/RAR alpha fusion protein on super-enhancers
10.3324/haematol.2021.280147 · 2022 · External reference
The expanded role of fatty acid metabolism in cancer: New aspects and targets
10.1093/pcmedi/pbz017 · 2019 · External reference
Adipocytes provide fatty acids to acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
10.3389/fonc.2021.665763 · 2021 · External reference
Gut microbiota in obesity
10.3748/wjg.v27.i25.3837 · 2021 · External reference
Increased jejunal permeability in human obesity is revealed by a lipid challenge and is linked to inflammation and type 2 diabetes
10.1002/path.5134 · 2018 · External reference
The integrated "multiomics" landscape at peak injury and resolution from alcohol-associated liver disease
10.1002/hep4.1793 · 2022 · External reference
Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection
10.1530/ey.15.12.8 · 2018 · External reference
High fat diet alters gut microbiota and the expression of Paneth cell-antimicrobial peptides preceding changes of circulating inflammatory cytokines
10.1155/2017/9474896 · 2017 · External reference
Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: The expected slimy partners
10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322260 · 2020 · External reference
Human gut microbiome: Hopes, threats and promises
10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316723 · 2018 · External reference
Gut microbiota regulates acute myeloid leukaemia via alteration of intestinal barrier function mediated by butyrate
10.1038/s41467-022-30240-8 · 2022 · External reference
Bone marrow adipose tissue in obesity: A previously underappreciated but promising therapeutic target
10.1186/s40001-026-04162-w · 2026 · External reference
Obesity and inflammation: The linking mechanism and the complications
10.5114/aoms.2016.58928 · 2017 · External reference
Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on immunity
10.3945/an.115.010207 · 2016 · External reference
Role of metabolic endotoxemia in systemic inflammation and potential interventions
10.3389/fimmu.2020.594150 · 2020 · External reference