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References from Cell-state- and compartment-dependent PI3K/Akt redox signaling in chronic kidney disease: mechanisms and translational implications. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Single-cell multi-omic and spatial profiling of human kidneys implicates the fibrotic microenvironment in kidney disease progression
10.1038/s41588-024-01802-x · 2024 · External reference
NADPH oxidase activity selectively modulates vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways
10.1074/jbc.m702175200 · 2007 · External reference
Myeloid PTEN deficiency aggravates renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertension
10.1002/jcp.30574 · 2022 · External reference
Jumonji domain-containing protein-3 (JMJD3) promotes myeloid fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization in kidney fibrosis
10.1111/bph.16096 · 2023 · External reference
Macrophages generate reactive oxygen species in response to minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein: toll-like receptor 4- and spleen tyrosine kinase-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase 2
10.1161/circresaha.108.181040 · 2009 · External reference
Feature article: mTOR complex 2-Akt signaling at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) regulates mitochondrial physiology
10.1073/pnas.1302455110 · 2013 · External reference
Mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney injury, inflammation, and disease: potential therapeutic approaches
10.23876/j.krcp.20.082 · 2020 · External reference
AKT2 is essential to maintain podocyte viability and function during chronic kidney disease
10.1038/nm.3313 · 2013 · External reference
Albumin overload activates intrarenal renin-angiotensin system through protein kinase C and NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway
10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834786f0 · 2011 · External reference
The diabetic microenvironment causes mitochondrial oxidative stress in glomerular endothelial cells and pathological crosstalk with podocytes
10.1186/s12964-020-00605-x · 2020 · External reference
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling activates pericyte-myofibroblast transition in obstructive and post-ischemic kidney fibrosis
10.1038/ki.2011.208 · 2011 · External reference
The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway mediates renal pericyte-myofibroblast transition by enhancing glycolysis through HKII
10.1186/s12967-023-04167-7 · 2023 · External reference
Hierarchical targeting nanodrug with holistic DNA protection for effective treatment of acute kidney injury
10.1002/advs.202411254 · 2025 · External reference
WNT-Dependent interaction between inflammatory fibroblasts and FOLR2+ macrophages promotes fibrosis in chronic kidney disease
10.1038/s41467-024-44886-z · 2024 · External reference
Kidney single-cell atlas reveals myeloid heterogeneity in progression and regression of kidney disease
10.1681/asn.2020060806 · 2020 · External reference
Urea-induced ROS cause endothelial dysfunction in chronic renal failure
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.034 · 2015 · External reference
Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 chronic kidney disease
10.1056/nejmoa1306033 · 2013 · External reference
Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation
10.1038/21224 · 1999 · External reference
Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death
10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.042 · 2012 · External reference
Human haploid cell genetics reveals roles for lipid metabolism genes in nonapoptotic cell death
10.1021/acschembio.5b00245 · 2015 · External reference
ACSL4 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by shaping cellular lipid composition
10.1038/nchembio.2239 · 2017 · External reference
Hyperglycemia inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by posttranslational modification at the akt site
10.1172/jci11235 · 2001 · External reference
Critical role of transcription factor SOX4 in tubular epithelial cell dedifferentiation and fibroblast activation during kidney fibrosis
10.1016/j.kint.2025.08.030 · 2026 · External reference
ATP-Binding cassette A1 deficiency causes cardiolipin-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes
10.1172/jci125316 · 2019 · External reference
Mammalian target of rapamycin regulates Nox4-mediated podocyte depletion in diabetic renal injury
10.2337/db12-1504 · 2013 · External reference
Enhanced biohomogeneous composite membrane-encapsulated nanoplatform with podocyte targeting for precise and safe treatment of diabetic nephropathy
10.1021/acsnano.3c04671 · 2023 · External reference
Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function
10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304 · 2012 · External reference
Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase akt
10.1038/21218 · 1999 · External reference
Interleukin-1-dependent sequential chemokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltration in ischemia-reperfusion injury
10.1097/01.ccm.0000233878.36340.10 · 2006 · External reference
RRM2 attenuates the renal tubular ferroptosis in diabetic kidney disease through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway
10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.111223 · 2025 · External reference
Renal fibrosis: primacy of the proximal tubule
10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.006 · 2018 · External reference
Role of mTOR in podocyte function and diabetic nephropathy in humans and mice
10.1172/jci44774 · 2011 · External reference
Snail1-induced partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives renal fibrosis in mice and can be targeted to reverse established disease
10.1038/nm.3901 · 2015 · External reference
Generating disulfides enzymatically: reaction products and electron acceptors of the endoplasmic reticulum thiol oxidase Ero1p
10.1073/pnas.0506448103 · 2006 · External reference
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway limits lipopolysaccharide activation of signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory mediators in human monocytic cells
10.1074/jbc.m203298200 · 2002 · External reference
Yap/taz mediates mTORC2-stimulated fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis
10.1074/jbc.ra118.004073 · 2018 · External reference
Autophagy influences glomerular disease susceptibility and maintains podocyte homeostasis in aging mice
10.1172/jci39492 · 2010 · External reference
The unfolded protein response and cell fate control
10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.017 · 2018 · External reference
Central role for G protein-coupled phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma in inflammation
10.1126/science.287.5455.1049 · 2000 · External reference
Mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 attenuates renal injury via an antioxidant effect in diabetic nephropathy
10.1152/ajprenal.00574.2014 · 2016 · External reference
KCa3.1 mediates dysfunction of tubular autophagy in diabetic kidneys via PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways
10.1038/srep23884 · 2016 · External reference
Kidney fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
10.1038/s41392-023-01379-7 · 2023 · External reference
Mechanisms of renal fibrosis
10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034227 · 2018 · External reference
Fate tracing reveals the pericyte and not epithelial origin of myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis
10.2353/ajpath.2010.090517 · 2010 · External reference
TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by akt and suppresses mTOR signalling
10.1038/ncb839 · 2002 · External reference
mTORC1 activation in podocytes is a critical step in the development of diabetic nephropathy in mice
10.1172/jci44771 · 2011 · External reference
Albumin-bound fatty acids induce mitochondrial oxidant stress and impair antioxidant responses in proximal tubular cells
10.1038/sj.ki.5001629 · 2006 · External reference
An Nrf2/small maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements
10.1006/bbrc.1997.6943 · 1997 · External reference
Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain
10.1101/gad.13.1.76 · 1999 · External reference
The protective role of Nrf2 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy
10.2337/db09-1342 · 2010 · External reference
Rheb/mTORC1 signaling promotes kidney fibroblast activation and fibrosis
10.1681/asn.2012050476 · 2013 · External reference
STAT6 deficiency attenuates myeloid fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization in experimental folic acid nephropathy
10.3390/cells10113057 · External reference
Pharmacological inhibition of STAT6 ameliorates myeloid fibroblast activation and alternative macrophage polarization in renal fibrosis
10.3389/fimmu.2021.735014 · External reference
Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of cGAS-STING signalling suppresses kidney inflammation and fibrosis
10.1111/bph.17412 · 2025 · External reference
Defective fatty acid oxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells has a key role in kidney fibrosis development
10.1038/nm.3762 · 2015 · External reference
The fibrotic effects of TMAO on human renal fibroblasts is mediated by NLRP3, Caspase-1 and the PERK/Akt/mTOR pathway
10.3390/ijms222111864 · 2021 · External reference
Protein kinase B/Akt activity is involved in renal TGF-beta1-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo
10.1152/ajprenal.00548.2007 · 2008 · External reference
Intrinsic TGF-β signaling attenuates proximal tubule mitochondrial injury and inflammation in chronic kidney disease
10.1038/s41467-023-39050-y · 2023 · External reference
Peritubular capillary rarefaction: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease
10.1007/s00467-013-2430-y · 2014 · External reference
AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
10.1038/ncb2152 · 2011 · External reference
Role of Akt1 in renal fibrosis and tubular dedifferentiation during the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease
10.3904/kjim.2020.198 · 2021 · External reference
Akt1 is involved in renal fibrosis and tubular apoptosis in a murine model of acute kidney injury-to-chronic kidney disease transition
10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113509 · 2023 · External reference
Autophagy protects the proximal tubule from degeneration and acute ischemic injury
10.1681/asn.2010070705 · 2011 · External reference
Redox proteomics combined with proximity labeling enables monitoring of localized cysteine oxidation in cells
10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.02.006 · 2023 · External reference
Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription
10.1038/ncomms11624 · 2016 · External reference
Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin
10.1038/nature13392 · 2014 · External reference
Efficient and selective kidney targeting by chemically modified carbohydrate conjugates
10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.10.020 · 2024 · External reference
Reversible oxidation and inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in cells stimulated with peptide growth factors
10.1073/pnas.0407396101 · 2004 · External reference
Kyowa Kirin Announc
2023 · External reference
An atlas of healthy and injured cell states and niches in the human kidney
10.1038/s41586-023-05769-3 · 2023 · External reference
Akt2 mediates TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition by deactivating GSK3β/snail signaling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells
10.1159/000363006 · 2014 · External reference
Redox regulation of PI 3-kinase signalling via inactivation of PTEN
10.1093/emboj/cdg513 · 2003 · External reference
High sirolimus levels May induce focal segmental glomerulosclerosis de novo
10.2215/cjn.03751106 · 2007 · External reference
Rictor/mTORC2 signaling mediates TGFβ1-induced fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis
10.1038/ki.2015.119 · 2015 · External reference
FAM3A plays a key role in protecting against tubular cell pyroptosis and acute kidney injury
10.1016/j.redox.2024.103225 · 2024 · External reference
Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of pharmacological agents targeting inflammasomes
10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118164 · 2025 · External reference
Jmjd3/IRF4 axis aggravates myeloid fibroblast activation and m2 macrophage to myofibroblast transition in renal fibrosis
10.3389/fimmu.2022.978262 · 2022 · External reference
Tubular mitochondrial AKT1 is activated during ischemia reperfusion injury and has a critical role in predisposition to chronic kidney disease
10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.038 · 2021 · External reference
Proteinuria and hyperglycemia induce endoplasmic reticulum stress
10.1681/asn.2007121313 · 2008 · External reference
Akt signaling in macrophage polarization, survival, and atherosclerosis
10.3390/ijms20112703 · 2019 · External reference
Renal tubule injury: a driving force toward chronic kidney disease
10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.033 · 2018 · External reference
Gastrin attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by a PI3K/Akt/Bad-Mediated anti-apoptosis signaling
10.3389/fphar.2020.540479 · External reference
Distinct fate, dynamics and niches of renal macrophages of bone marrow or embryonic origins
10.1038/s41467-020-16158-z · External reference
Nrf2 deficiency deteriorates diabetic kidney disease in Akita model mice
10.1016/j.redox.2022.102525 · 2022 · External reference
Persistent activation of autophagy in kidney tubular cells promotes renal interstitial fibrosis during unilateral ureteral obstruction
10.1080/15548627.2016.1166317 · 2016 · External reference
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induces cell cycle arrest and parenchymal damage in renal fibrosis
10.1038/nm.3902 · 2015 · External reference
The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
10.1074/jbc.273.22.13375 · 1998 · External reference
The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria connection: one touch, multiple functions
10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.10.015 · 2014 · External reference
Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and the Nrf2 transcription factor in response to the antioxidant phytochemical carnosol
10.1074/jbc.m309660200 · 2004 · External reference
PINK1 stabilized by mitochondrial depolarization recruits parkin to damaged mitochondria and activates latent parkin for mitophagy
10.1083/jcb.200910140 · 2010 · External reference
CSF-1 signals directly to renal tubular epithelial cells to mediate repair in mice
10.1172/jci39087 · 2009 · External reference
Spatial control of the TSC complex integrates insulin and nutrient regulation of mTORC1 at the lysosome
10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.049 · 2014 · External reference
Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues
10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.026 · 2011 · External reference
Podocyte injury and its consequences
10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.012 · 2016 · External reference
Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome
10.1038/ni.1980 · 2011 · External reference
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of bardoxolone methyl in patients with diabetic kidney disease: design and baseline characteristics of the AYAME study
10.1093/ndt/gfac242 · 2023 · External reference
Randomized clinical trial on the effect of bardoxolone methyl on GFR in diabetic kidney disease patients (TSUBAKI study)
10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.030 · 2020 · External reference
Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy
10.1083/jcb.200809125 · 2008 · External reference
Proteinuria causes dysfunctional autophagy in the proximal tubule
10.1152/ajprenal.00125.2016 · 2016 · External reference
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is involved in toll-like receptor 4-mediated cytokine expression in mouse macrophages
10.1002/eji.200323376 · 2003 · External reference
Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets
10.1038/s41580-018-0085-z · 2019 · External reference
Macrophage promotes fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis by assembling a vitronectin-enriched microenvironment
10.7150/thno.85250 · 2023 · External reference
Bardoxolone methyl and kidney function in CKD with type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa1105351 · 2011 · External reference
Endothelial dysfunction in renal interstitial fibrosis
10.1159/000447607 · 2016 · External reference
Chronic kidney disease induces a systemic microangiopathy, tissue hypoxia and dysfunctional angiogenesis
10.1038/s41598-018-23663-1 · 2018 · External reference
Redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B involves a sulphenyl-amide intermediate
10.1038/nature01680 · 2003 · External reference
The rag GTPases bind raptor and mediate amino acid signaling to mTORC1
10.1126/science.1157535 · 2008 · External reference
Ragulator-rag complex targets mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface and is necessary for its activation by amino acids
10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.024 · 2010 · External reference
The endoplasmic reticulum: structure, function and response to cellular signaling
10.1007/s00018-015-2052-6 · 2016 · External reference
Modulation of cellular disulfide-bond formation and the ER redox environment by feedback regulation of Ero1
10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.039 · 2007 · External reference
Sirolimus and proteinuria in renal transplant patients: evidence for a dose-dependent effect on slit diaphragm-associated proteins
10.1097/tp.0b013e318211d342 · 2011 · External reference
Macrophages: versatile players in renal inflammation and fibrosis
10.1038/s41581-019-0110-2 · 2019 · External reference
Salidroside inhibits renal ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced ferroptosis by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
10.3892/etm.2023.12206 · 2023 · External reference
Salvianolic acid B prevents iodinated contrast media-induced acute renal injury in rats via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway
10.1155/2016/7079487 · 2016 · External reference
Rapamycin has dual opposing effects on proteinuric experimental nephropathies: is it a matter of podocyte damage?
10.1093/ndt/gfp367 · 2009 · External reference
TEAD1 prevents necroptosis and inflammation in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through maintaining mitochondrial function
10.7150/ijbs.104335 · 2025 · External reference
Indoxyl sulfate upregulates expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 by oxidative stress-induced NF-kappaB activation
10.1159/000299798 · 2010 · External reference
mTOR regulates expression of slit diaphragm proteins and cytoskeleton structure in podocytes
10.1152/ajprenal.90319.2008 · 2009 · External reference
The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation
10.1126/science.1209038 · 2011 · External reference
FGF1(ΔHBS) ameliorates chronic kidney disease via PI3K/AKT mediated suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation
10.1038/s41419-019-1696-9 · 2019 · External reference
Cdk5-Mediated phosphorylation of Sirt1 contributes to podocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy
10.1089/ars.2020.8038 · 2021 · External reference
Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte is critical for normal kidney function
10.1016/j.cmet.2010.08.015 · 2010 · External reference
Selective nanoparticle targeting of the renal tubules
10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09843 · 2018 · External reference
Microamount phosphopeptide-enrichment-system-based phosphoproteomic analysis for small numbers of cells and single cells
10.1021/acs.analchem.4c05141 · External reference
TRPC6-targeted dexamethasone nanobubbles with ultrasound-guided theranostics for adriamycin-induced nephropathy
10.1186/s12951-025-03487-8 · External reference
Epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M mediates kidney fibrosis after injury
10.1038/nm.2144 · 2010 · External reference
Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.010 · 2014 · External reference
Caspase-3 is a pivotal regulator of microvascular rarefaction and renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury
10.1681/asn.2017050581 · 2018 · External reference
Contribution of TFEB-Mediated autophagy to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease
10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110949 · 2021 · External reference
Chicoric acid advanced PAQR3 ubiquitination to ameliorate ferroptosis in diabetes nephropathy through the relieving of the interaction between PAQR3 and P110α pathway
10.1080/10641963.2024.2326021 · 2024 · External reference
Protective effect of tempol on acute kidney injury through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway
10.1159/000443414 · 2016 · External reference
Apigenin inhibits cell ferroptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and alleviates renal injury caused by hypertension
10.1177/15593258251335814 · 2025 · External reference
Mitochondrial ROS promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in ischemic acute kidney injury by disrupting TFAM-mediated mtDNA maintenance
10.7150/thno.50905 · 2021 · External reference
Therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy
10.2337/db11-0807 · 2011 · External reference
A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation
10.1038/nature09663 · 2011 · External reference
Oxidative protein folding by an endoplasmic reticulum-localized peroxiredoxin
10.1016/j.molcel.2010.11.010 · 2010 · External reference
Plasticity of ether lipids promotes ferroptosis susceptibility and evasion
10.1038/s41586-020-2732-8 · 2020 · External reference