Research graph
References from Clinical research progress of esketamine in perioperative neuroprotection: from mechanisms to therapeutic neuroprotection. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Phytochemicals with potential NMDAR-inhibitory activities: a review of neuroprotective mechanisms against excitotoxicity
10.1007/s44446-026-00101-2 · 2026 · External reference
A single low dose of dexmedetomidine efficiently attenuates esketamine-induced overactive behaviors and neuronal hyperactivities in mice
10.3389/fnhum.2021.735569 · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy using esketamine or racemic ketamine for adult treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study
10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.086 · 2020 · External reference
Metabolism and metabolomics of ketamine: a toxicological approach
10.1080/20961790.2017.1285219 · 2017 · External reference
Biochemical changes in cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery: new insights
10.3390/jpm13101506 · 2023 · External reference
Esketamine at a clinical dose attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting AKT signaling pathway to facilitate microglia M2 polarization and autophagy
10.2147/dddt.s504179 · 2025 · External reference
Esketamine alleviates depressive-like behavior in mice via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and amino acid metabolism
10.1186/s12866-025-04181-3 · 2025 · External reference
S-ketamine plus dexmedetomidine vs. S-ketamine plus propofol for sedation-analgesia during positioning for spinal anesthesia in older adults undergoing lower extremity fracture surgery
10.3389/fneur.2026.1706118 · 2026 · External reference
Effect of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
10.2147/dddt.s401161 · 2023 · External reference
Esketamine ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction aggravated by preoperative acute sleep deprivation in aged mice via the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway
10.3389/fnagi.2026.1798915 · 2026 · External reference
Modulation of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells ameliorates surgical stress-induced atherosclerotic plaque progression in ApoE-Deficient mice
10.3389/fcvm.2021.682458 · 2021 · External reference
Patient-reported side effects and satisfaction of pre-hospital analgesia with low-dose esketamine: a cross-sectional study
10.1186/s12873-023-00898-4 · 2023 · External reference
Balanced opioid-free anesthesia with lidocaine and esketamine versus balanced anesthesia with sufentanil for gynecological endoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
10.1038/s41598-024-62824-3 · 2024 · External reference
S-ketamine facilitates motor function recovery after brachial plexus root avulsion and reimplantation in mice
10.3389/fphar.2025.1630158 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of esketamine in preventing perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
10.1186/s13643-025-02807-1 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium and inflammatory response in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled study
10.1053/j.jvca.2025.04.013 · 2025 · External reference
General anesthesia in psychiatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a mechanistic narrative review-when the brain is unstable, keep it awake
10.3390/reports8040263 · 2025 · External reference
Stereoselective ketamine effect on cardiac output: a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling study in healthy volunteers
10.1016/j.bja.2021.02.034 · 2021 · External reference
Ketamine, esketamine, and arketamine: their mechanisms of action and applications in the treatment of depression and alleviation of depressive symptoms
10.3390/biomedicines12102283 · 2024 · External reference
Key considerations for the use of ketamine and esketamine for the treatment of depression: focusing on administration, safety, and tolerability
10.1080/14740338.2022.2069749 · 2022 · External reference
Comparative effects of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in humans: a positron emission tomography study
10.1016/j.bja.2018.04.008 · 2018 · External reference
Pharmacogenetic and drug interaction aspects on ketamine safety in its use as antidepressant - implications for precision dosing in a global perspective
10.1111/bcp.15467 · 2022 · External reference
The abuse liability of ketamine: a scoping review of preclinical and clinical studies
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.035 · 2022 · External reference
Comparative effectiveness and safety of esketamine versus injectable racemic ketamine and oral antidepressants for major depressive disorder: a population-based target trial emulation
10.1016/j.jad.2026.121487 · 2026 · External reference
Bifunctional modulation of NMDA and opioid receptors in ketamine reinforcement and misuse: implications for substance use disorder treatment
10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.11.021 · 2026 · External reference
Esketamine alleviates postoperative cognitive decline via stimulator of interferon genes/TANK-binding kinase 1 signaling pathway in aged rats
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.004 · 2022 · External reference
Esketamine improves cognitive function in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation
10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177014 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of esketamine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy: a randomised, single-blind controlled clinical trial
10.62641/aep.v53i6.2044 · 2025 · External reference
Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
10.1186/s12871-024-02803-3 · 2024 · External reference
S-ketamine alleviates neuroinflammation and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression via targeting SIRT2
10.1002/advs.202416481 · 2025 · External reference
S-ketamine alleviates morphine-induced hyperalgesia via decreasing the gut enterobacteriaceae levels: comparison with R-ketamine
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.01.022 · 2025 · External reference
Cefazolin improves anesthesia and surgery-induced cognitive impairments by modulating blood-brain barrier function, gut bacteria and short chain fatty acids
10.3389/fnagi.2021.748637 · 2021 · External reference
Ketamine use: a review
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03576.x · 2012 · External reference
CYP 450 enzymes influence (R,S)-ketamine brain delivery and its antidepressant activity
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108936 · 2022 · External reference
Electroacupuncture relieves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats via regulating amp-activated protein kinase autophagy signaling
10.4103/cjp.cjp_108_21 · 2022 · External reference
Circulating oxylipin and bile acid profiles of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine: a randomised controlled trial using tandem mass spectrometry
10.1016/j.bjao.2022.100114 · 2022 · External reference
Use of ketamine and esketamine in the pediatric population: current evidence and clinical applications
10.1176/appi.focus.20250040 · 2026 · External reference
Modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors as a strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of ketamine as an antidepressant
10.3390/cells14241967 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of S-Ketamine on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
10.2147/dddt.s449705 · 2024 · External reference
Astrocytic EAAT1 suppression by EV-ACLY underlies glutamate imbalance and cognitive impairment in POCD
10.1038/s42003-026-09888-1 · 2026 · External reference
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and their pharmacological implication: a medicinal chemistry-oriented perspective outline
10.2174/0109298673288031240405061759 · 2024 · External reference
Intravenous lidocaine and ketamine infusions for headache disorders: a retrospective cohort study
10.3389/fneur.2022.842082 · 2022 · External reference
Low-dose S-ketamine exerts antidepressant-like effects via enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity in postpartum depression rats
10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100422 · 2022 · External reference
Ketamine in the past, present, and future: mechanisms, metabolites, and toxicity
10.1007/s11916-021-00977-w · 2021 · External reference
Gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids in glomerular protection and modulation of chronic kidney disease progression
10.3390/nu17172904 · 2025 · External reference
Determining the effective dose of esketamine for mitigating pain during propofol injection by Dixon's up-and-down method: a double-blind, prospective clinical study of drug dose response
10.1186/s12871-022-01914-z · 2022 · External reference
The combination of Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating NR2B-ERK/CREB signaling
10.1002/brb3.2867 · 2023 · External reference
Effect of perioperative esketamine administration on the incidence of postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1186/s12871-026-03785-0 · 2026 · External reference
S-ketamine ameliorates post-stroke depression in mice via attenuation of neuroinflammation, synaptic restoration, and BDNF pathway activation
10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151965 · 2025 · External reference
S(+)-ketamine: current trends in emergency and intensive care medicine
10.1007/s00508-017-1299-3 · 2018 · External reference
Evaluating the abuse liability of ketamine in the treatment of mood disorders: a systematic review
10.1177/02698811261453814 · 2026 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics and safety of esketamine in Chinese patients undergoing painless gastroscopy in comparison with ketamine: a randomized, open-label clinical study
10.2147/dddt.s224553 · 2019 · External reference
Perioperative intravenous S-ketamine for acute postoperative pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110071 · 2021 · External reference
Effect of esketamine pretreatment on acute sepsis-associated encephalopathy
10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114646 · 2024 · External reference
The influence of low-dose s-ketamine on postoperative delirium and cognitive function in older adults undergoing thoracic surgery
10.1186/s13019-024-02811-x · 2024 · External reference
Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
10.1515/med-2025-1193 · 2025 · External reference
Neurotoxicity mechanisms and clinical implications of six common recreational drugs
10.3389/fphar.2025.1526270 · 2025 · External reference
Progress in the application of esketamine during the perioperative period
10.2147/dddt.s579462 · 2026 · External reference
Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of arketamine: beyond the NMDA receptor
10.1038/s41380-021-01121-1 · 2022 · External reference
Esketamine prevents postoperative emotional and cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglial M1 polarization and regulating the BDNF-TrkB pathway in ageing rats with preoperative sleep disturbance
10.1007/s12035-023-03860-4 · 2024 · External reference
Ketamine exerts dual effects on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rats in vitro
10.1007/s11011-023-01236-0 · 2023 · External reference
Ketamine induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and barrier and hippocampal dysfunction in rats
10.1016/j.isci.2024.111089 · 2024 · External reference
Surgical stress and non-surgery related stress synergistically trigger meningeal CD8(+) T cells accumulation and subsequent brain dysfunction in mice
10.1111/jnc.70043 · 2025 · External reference
Comparing the adverse effects of ketamine and esketamine between genders using FAERS data
10.3389/fphar.2024.1329436 · 2024 · External reference
R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects
10.1038/tp.2015.136 · 2015 · External reference
Microglial ERK-NRBP1-CREB-BDNF signaling in sustained antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine
10.1038/s41380-021-01377-7 · 2022 · External reference
Subanesthetic dose of S-ketamine improved cognitive dysfunction via the inhibition of hippocampal astrocytosis in a mouse model of post-stroke chronic stress
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.010 · 2023 · External reference
General anesthesia with S-ketamine improves the early recovery and cognitive function in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
10.1186/s12871-023-02161-6 · 2023 · External reference
Effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in general anesthesia patients undergoing elective surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1186/s12871-024-02833-x · 2024 · External reference
Neuroprotective effects of esketamine in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms and cellular targets
10.1111/bcpt.70221 · 2026 · External reference
Pleiotropic modulation of the gut-brain-lung axis by ketamine and its enantiomers
10.1038/s41380-026-03590-8 · 2026 · External reference
Recent advances in the study of anesthesia-and analgesia-related mechanisms of S-ketamine
10.3389/fphar.2023.1228895 · 2023 · External reference
Evaluating the effects of S-ketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty under intraspinal anesthesia: a single-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pragmatic study protocol
10.3389/fnagi.2023.1298661 · 2023 · External reference
Effects of esketamine on postoperative pain and inflammatory factors in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
10.23736/s0375-9393.24.18277-6 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of S-Ketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
10.1097/aln.0000000000005800 · 2026 · External reference
S-ketamine alleviates neuroinflammation and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression via targeting SIRT2
10.1002/advs.202416481 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The combination of Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating NR2B-ERK/CREB signaling
10.1002/brb3.2867 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
S(+)-ketamine: current trends in emergency and intensive care medicine
10.1007/s00508-017-1299-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ketamine exerts dual effects on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons from fetal rats in vitro
10.1007/s11011-023-01236-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ketamine in the past, present, and future: mechanisms, metabolites, and toxicity
10.1007/s11916-021-00977-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Esketamine prevents postoperative emotional and cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglial M1 polarization and regulating the BDNF-TrkB pathway in ageing rats with preoperative sleep disturbance
10.1007/s12035-023-03860-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Phytochemicals with potential NMDAR-inhibitory activities: a review of neuroprotective mechanisms against excitotoxicity
10.1007/s44446-026-00101-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
S-ketamine ameliorates post-stroke depression in mice via attenuation of neuroinflammation, synaptic restoration, and BDNF pathway activation
10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151965 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Bifunctional modulation of NMDA and opioid receptors in ketamine reinforcement and misuse: implications for substance use disorder treatment
10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.11.021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparative effects of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in humans: a positron emission tomography study
10.1016/j.bja.2018.04.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Stereoselective ketamine effect on cardiac output: a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling study in healthy volunteers
10.1016/j.bja.2021.02.034 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Circulating oxylipin and bile acid profiles of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane, and S-ketamine: a randomised controlled trial using tandem mass spectrometry
10.1016/j.bjao.2022.100114 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Esketamine alleviates postoperative cognitive decline via stimulator of interferon genes/TANK-binding kinase 1 signaling pathway in aged rats
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Esketamine improves cognitive function in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation
10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of esketamine pretreatment on acute sepsis-associated encephalopathy
10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114646 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ketamine induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and barrier and hippocampal dysfunction in rats
10.1016/j.isci.2024.111089 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy using esketamine or racemic ketamine for adult treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study
10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.086 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparative effectiveness and safety of esketamine versus injectable racemic ketamine and oral antidepressants for major depressive disorder: a population-based target trial emulation
10.1016/j.jad.2026.121487 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perioperative intravenous S-ketamine for acute postoperative pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110071 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The abuse liability of ketamine: a scoping review of preclinical and clinical studies
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.035 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Subanesthetic dose of S-ketamine improved cognitive dysfunction via the inhibition of hippocampal astrocytosis in a mouse model of post-stroke chronic stress
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CYP 450 enzymes influence (R,S)-ketamine brain delivery and its antidepressant activity
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108936 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
S-ketamine alleviates morphine-induced hyperalgesia via decreasing the gut enterobacteriaceae levels: comparison with R-ketamine
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.01.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Low-dose S-ketamine exerts antidepressant-like effects via enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity in postpartum depression rats
10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100422 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of arketamine: beyond the NMDA receptor
10.1038/s41380-021-01121-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Microglial ERK-NRBP1-CREB-BDNF signaling in sustained antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine
10.1038/s41380-021-01377-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pleiotropic modulation of the gut-brain-lung axis by ketamine and its enantiomers
10.1038/s41380-026-03590-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Balanced opioid-free anesthesia with lidocaine and esketamine versus balanced anesthesia with sufentanil for gynecological endoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
10.1038/s41598-024-62824-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Astrocytic EAAT1 suppression by EV-ACLY underlies glutamate imbalance and cognitive impairment in POCD
10.1038/s42003-026-09888-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects
10.1038/tp.2015.136 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium and inflammatory response in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled study
10.1053/j.jvca.2025.04.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Key considerations for the use of ketamine and esketamine for the treatment of depression: focusing on administration, safety, and tolerability
10.1080/14740338.2022.2069749 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Metabolism and metabolomics of ketamine: a toxicological approach
10.1080/20961790.2017.1285219 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of S-Ketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
10.1097/aln.0000000000005800 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacogenetic and drug interaction aspects on ketamine safety in its use as antidepressant - implications for precision dosing in a global perspective
10.1111/bcp.15467 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neuroprotective effects of esketamine in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms and cellular targets
10.1111/bcpt.70221 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ketamine use: a review
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03576.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Surgical stress and non-surgery related stress synergistically trigger meningeal CD8(+) T cells accumulation and subsequent brain dysfunction in mice
10.1111/jnc.70043 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Use of ketamine and esketamine in the pediatric population: current evidence and clinical applications
10.1176/appi.focus.20250040 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evaluating the abuse liability of ketamine in the treatment of mood disorders: a systematic review
10.1177/02698811261453814 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Esketamine alleviates depressive-like behavior in mice via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and amino acid metabolism
10.1186/s12866-025-04181-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Determining the effective dose of esketamine for mitigating pain during propofol injection by Dixon's up-and-down method: a double-blind, prospective clinical study of drug dose response
10.1186/s12871-022-01914-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
General anesthesia with S-ketamine improves the early recovery and cognitive function in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
10.1186/s12871-023-02161-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Esketamine and neurocognitive disorders in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis
10.1186/s12871-024-02803-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in general anesthesia patients undergoing elective surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1186/s12871-024-02833-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of perioperative esketamine administration on the incidence of postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1186/s12871-026-03785-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Patient-reported side effects and satisfaction of pre-hospital analgesia with low-dose esketamine: a cross-sectional study
10.1186/s12873-023-00898-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The influence of low-dose s-ketamine on postoperative delirium and cognitive function in older adults undergoing thoracic surgery
10.1186/s13019-024-02811-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy and safety of esketamine in preventing perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
10.1186/s13643-025-02807-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
10.1515/med-2025-1193 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacokinetics and safety of esketamine in Chinese patients undergoing painless gastroscopy in comparison with ketamine: a randomized, open-label clinical study
10.2147/dddt.s224553 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
10.2147/dddt.s401161 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of S-Ketamine on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
10.2147/dddt.s449705 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Esketamine at a clinical dose attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting AKT signaling pathway to facilitate microglia M2 polarization and autophagy
10.2147/dddt.s504179 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Progress in the application of esketamine during the perioperative period
10.2147/dddt.s579462 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and their pharmacological implication: a medicinal chemistry-oriented perspective outline
10.2174/0109298673288031240405061759 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of esketamine on postoperative pain and inflammatory factors in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
10.23736/s0375-9393.24.18277-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Modulation of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells ameliorates surgical stress-induced atherosclerotic plaque progression in ApoE-Deficient mice
10.3389/fcvm.2021.682458 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cefazolin improves anesthesia and surgery-induced cognitive impairments by modulating blood-brain barrier function, gut bacteria and short chain fatty acids
10.3389/fnagi.2021.748637 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evaluating the effects of S-ketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty under intraspinal anesthesia: a single-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pragmatic study protocol
10.3389/fnagi.2023.1298661 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Esketamine ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction aggravated by preoperative acute sleep deprivation in aged mice via the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway
10.3389/fnagi.2026.1798915 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intravenous lidocaine and ketamine infusions for headache disorders: a retrospective cohort study
10.3389/fneur.2022.842082 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
S-ketamine plus dexmedetomidine vs. S-ketamine plus propofol for sedation-analgesia during positioning for spinal anesthesia in older adults undergoing lower extremity fracture surgery
10.3389/fneur.2026.1706118 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A single low dose of dexmedetomidine efficiently attenuates esketamine-induced overactive behaviors and neuronal hyperactivities in mice
10.3389/fnhum.2021.735569 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Recent advances in the study of anesthesia-and analgesia-related mechanisms of S-ketamine
10.3389/fphar.2023.1228895 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparing the adverse effects of ketamine and esketamine between genders using FAERS data
10.3389/fphar.2024.1329436 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neurotoxicity mechanisms and clinical implications of six common recreational drugs
10.3389/fphar.2025.1526270 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
S-ketamine facilitates motor function recovery after brachial plexus root avulsion and reimplantation in mice
10.3389/fphar.2025.1630158 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ketamine, esketamine, and arketamine: their mechanisms of action and applications in the treatment of depression and alleviation of depressive symptoms
10.3390/biomedicines12102283 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors as a strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of ketamine as an antidepressant
10.3390/cells14241967 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Biochemical changes in cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery: new insights
10.3390/jpm13101506 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids in glomerular protection and modulation of chronic kidney disease progression
10.3390/nu17172904 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
General anesthesia in psychiatric patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a mechanistic narrative review-when the brain is unstable, keep it awake
10.3390/reports8040263 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Electroacupuncture relieves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats via regulating amp-activated protein kinase autophagy signaling
10.4103/cjp.cjp_108_21 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of esketamine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy: a randomised, single-blind controlled clinical trial
10.62641/aep.v53i6.2044 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference