Research graph
References from Development and psychometric evaluation of the AI emotional engagement scale. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Measuring students’ AI competence: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale integrating educational psychology perspectives
10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105446 · 2025 · External reference
Human/AI relationships: challenges, downsides, and impacts on human/human relationships
10.1007/s43681-023-00348-8 · 2024 · External reference
INTIMA: A benchmark for human-AI companionship behavior
10.48550/arxiv.2508.09998 · 2025 · External reference
Why human–AI relationships need socioaffective alignment
10.1057/s41599-025-04532-5 · 2025 · External reference
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology
10.2307/249008 · 1989 · External reference
The chatbot usability scale: The design and pilot of a usability scale for interaction with AI-based conversational agents
10.1007/s00779-021-01582-9 · 2022 · External reference
Digital humanism and artificial intelligence: The role of emotions beyond the human–machine interaction in Society 5.0
10.1108/jmh-12-2022-0084 · 2024 · External reference
A systematic review of AI literacy scales
10.1038/s41539-024-00264-4 · 2024 · External reference
Reshaping curriculum adaptation in the age of artificial intelligence: Mapping teachers' AI‐driven curriculum adaptation patterns
10.1002/berj.4068 · 2025 · External reference
Using attachment theory to conceptualize and measure the experiences in human-AI relationships
10.1007/s12144-025-07917-6 · 2025 · External reference
Artificial intelligence and the psychology of human connection
10.1177/17456916251404394 · 2026 · External reference
Can humans feel connected to AI? Perceived responsiveness drives social connection with AI chatbots
10.1177/02654075261438164 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2007 · External reference
Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work
10.5465/256287 · 1990 · External reference
The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach
10.1023/a:1015630930326 · 2002 · External reference
Affective interaction: Understanding, evaluating, and designing for human emotion
10.1177/1557234x11410385 · 2011 · External reference
School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence
10.3102/00346543074001059 · 2004 · External reference
The role of emotional involvement and trait absorption in the formation of spatial presence
10.1080/15213269.2011.648536 · 2012 · External reference
The role of emotions in marketing
10.1177/0092070399272005 · 1999 · External reference
The process of customer engagement: A conceptual framework
10.2753/mtp1069-6679170105 · 2009 · External reference
Consumer brand engagement in social media: Conceptualization, scale development and validation
10.1016/j.intmar.2013.12.002 · 2014 · External reference
What is user engagement? A conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology
10.1002/asi.20801 · 2008 · External reference
What is beautiful is usable
10.1016/s0953-5438(00)00031-x · 2000 · External reference
Damaged merchandise? A review of experiments that compare usability evaluation methods
10.1207/s15327051hci1303_2 · 1998 · External reference
Impact of anthropomorphic design on user sentiment and sustained use intention towards household healthcare
10.3390/su16104210 · 2024 · External reference
Designing intimacy: Applying Norman’s emotional design theory to human-AI companionship
10.25236/ajhss.2025.080902 · 2025 · External reference
Negative emotional value of players: Exploring the time investment dimension from Chinese mobile game players’ reviews
10.1080/10447318.2024.2346691 · 2025 · External reference
Many are the ways to learn identifying multi-modal behavioral profiles of collaborative learning in constructivist activities: Nasir J. et al
10.1007/s11412-021-09358-2 · 2021 · External reference
Speech emotion recognition in conversations using artificial intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1007/s10462-025-11197-8 · 2025 · External reference
When human-AI interactions become parasocial: Agency and anthropomorphism in affective design
10.1145/3630106.3658956 · 2024 · External reference
AI outperforms humans in establishing interpersonal closeness in emotionally engaging interactions, but only when labelled as human
10.1038/s44271-025-00391-7 · 2026 · External reference
Usability and user experience evaluation in intelligent environments: A review and reappraisal
10.1080/10447318.2024.2394724 · 2025 · External reference
The bowlby-ainsworth attachment theory
10.1017/s0140525x00064955 · 1979 · External reference
Measuring and understanding emotional attachment in human–AI relationships
10.1080/00140139.2026.2622539 · 2026 · External reference
Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance
10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049 · 1956 · External reference
Can generative AI chatbots emulate human connection? A relationship science perspective
10.1177/17456916251351306 · 2025 · External reference
Humanizing AI for trust: The critical role of social presence in adoption
10.1007/s00146-025-02506-4 · 2026 · External reference
Introducing CASUX: A standardized scale for measuring the user experience of artificial intelligence based conversational agents
10.1080/10447318.2024.2359206 · 2025 · External reference
Wired for speech: How voice activates and advances the human-computer relationship
10.1162/coli.2006.32.3.451 · 2006 · External reference
Understanding the rising human-AI affective bonding: Conceptualization and HAABI scale development
10.48550/arxiv.2605.29484 · 2026 · External reference
Construction and validation of the emotional trust in artificial intelligence scale (CEIA)
10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1755160 · 2026 · External reference
Gamifying intimacy: AI-driven affective engagement and human-virtual human relationships
10.1177/01634437251337239 · 2025 · External reference
A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs
10.1177/002224377901600110 · 1979 · External reference
Three approaches to qualitative content analysis
10.1177/1049732305276687 · 2005 · External reference
Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development
10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309 · 1995 · External reference
The selection of upper and lower groups for the validation of test items
10.1037/h0057123 · 1939 · External reference
Use of the Extreme Groups Approach: A critical reexamination and new recommendations
10.1037/1082-989x.10.2.178 · 2005 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2012 · External reference
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · 1988 · External reference
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
10.1080/10705519909540118 · 1999 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1994 · External reference
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
10.1177/002224378101800104 · 1981 · External reference
An index of factorial simplicity
10.1007/bf02291575 · 1974 · External reference
Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in logistics and supply chain management in the last decade: a structured literature review
10.1108/ijpdlm-06-2023-0200 · 2024 · External reference
Driving mechanisms and impact effects of AI feedback-seeking behavior: A research proposal
10.3724/sp.j.1042.2025.1647 · 2025 · External reference
When attaining the best sample is out of reach: Nonprobability alternatives when engaging in public administration research
10.1080/15236803.2018.1429821 · 2019 · External reference
