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References from Socioeconomic, institutional, environmental, and demographic determinants of population health in 90 developing countries: panel data evidence. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Social and environmental factors and life expectancy, infant mortality, and maternal mortality rates: results of a cross-national comparison
10.1016/0277-9536(94)90170-8 · 1994 · External reference
Infant health and mortality indicators
10.1007/bf01264105 · 1995 · External reference
Social determinants of under-five mortality in urban Bangladesh
10.1007/s12546-019-09240-x · 2020 · External reference
The role of socio-economic and female indicators on child mortality rate in Bangladesh: a time series analysis
10.1177/0030222821993616 · 2023 · External reference
On the concept of health capital and the demand for health
10.1086/259880 · 1972 · External reference
The effects of health expenditure on health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
10.1111/1467-8268.12287 · 2017 · External reference
Estimating a health production function for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
10.1080/00036840412331313521 · 2005 · External reference
Resource dependence and population health outcomes: insights from developing countries (2000–2020)
10.1057/s41287-026-00759-3 · 2026 · External reference
Economic inequality and corruption as social determinants of health: an empirical analysis across 136 countries (2001–2020)
10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101686 · 2025 · External reference
Investment in physical, human capital, economic growth and life expectancy in Bangladesh: an empirical investigation
10.1177/1391561418799110 · 2018 · External reference
Life expectancy and human capital: new empirical evidence
10.1002/hec.4626 · 2023 · External reference
Enhancing life expectancy for sustainable development: poverty reduction and climate change implications in the developing and emerging economies
10.1002/sd.70036 · 2025 · External reference
Determinants of life expectancy and its prospects under the role of economic misery: a case of Pakistan
10.1007/s11205-015-0927-4 · 2016 · External reference
Health expenditure, longevity, and child mortality: dynamic panel data approach with global data
10.1007/s10754-019-09272-z · 2020 · External reference
Institutions matter for sustainable development: economic growth, structural transformation, efficiency, and health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa
10.1002/sd.71321 · 2026 · External reference
Impact of ecological footprint on the longevity of human life: a case of emerging Asian economies
10.62345/jads.2023.12.3.94 · 2023 · External reference
Cross-national time series analysis of the association between population density and population health outcomes
10.1007/s44155-026-00390-x · 2026 · External reference
Governance matters: the moderating role of government effectiveness in the digitalization–human capital nexus in sub-Saharan Africa
10.1016/j.ijedudev.2026.103506 · 2026 · External reference
Distributional dynamics of child mortality in Africa: quantile evidence from economic, environmental, and demographic transitions
10.3389/fpubh.2026.1730385 · 2026 · External reference
Economic conditions and health: local effects, national effect and local area heterogeneity
10.1016/j.jebo.2023.07.003 · 2023 · External reference
Is the political system really related to health?
10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.033 · 2009 · External reference
Beyond COP26: can income level moderate fossil fuels, carbon emissions, and human capital for healthy life expectancy in Africa?
10.1007/s11356-022-21872-w · 2022 · External reference
Life expectancy in Zimbabwe: an analysis of five decades
10.19030/iber.v14i3.9207 · 2015 · External reference
Justifying the impact of economic deprivation, maternal status and health infrastructure on under-five child mortality in Pakistan: an empirical analysis
2019 · External reference
The role of financial development and economic misery on life expectancy: evidence from post financial reforms in India
10.1007/s11205-015-1040-4 · 2016 · External reference
Economic crises, child mortality and the protective role of public health expenditure
10.1590/1413-812320182412.25082019 · 2019 · External reference
From poverty to health: intraurban inequalities in child health indicators in low-income and middle-income countries during the SDG era
10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019134 · 2025 · External reference
Comparing the socioeconomic development of G7 and BRICS countries and resilience to COVID-19: an entropy–MARCOS framework
10.1177/22785337211015406 · 2022 · External reference
Public health expenditures and health outcomes in Pakistan: evidence from quantile autoregressive distributed lag model
10.2147/rmhp.s316844 · 2021 · External reference
Analysis of the impact of external debt on health in an emerging Asian economy: does FDI matter?
10.3389/fpubh.2022.824073 · 2022 · External reference
The effect of health expenditure on average life expectancy: does government effectiveness play a moderating role?
10.1108/ijhg-03-2022-0027 · 2022 · External reference
Influence of government effectiveness, health expenditure, and sustainable development goals on life expectancy: evidence from time series data
10.3390/su16146128 · 2024 · External reference
Government health expenditures and health outcome nexus: a study on OECD countries
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1123759 · 2023 · External reference
Health care spending in the United States and other high-income countries
10.1001/jama.2018.1150 · 2018 · External reference
Increasing the ecological footprint significantly reduces life expectancy and increases infant mortality rates in Ethiopia
10.1038/s41598-026-53595-0 · 2026 · External reference
The impact of ecological footprint, urbanization, education, health expenditure, and industrialization on child mortality: insights for environment and public health in Eastern Europe
10.3390/ijerph21101379 · 2024 · External reference
Ecological footprint and population health outcomes: evidence from E7 countries
10.3390/su15108224 · 2023 · External reference
The nexus between sustainable economic development and government health expenditure in Asian countries based on ecological footprint consumption
10.3390/su13126824 · 2021 · External reference
Examining the impact of ecological footprint on life expectancy in the MENA countries: a panel threshold analysis
10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101639 · 2026 · External reference
Examining the impact of ecological deficit on life expectancy in GCC countries: a nonlinear panel data investigation
10.1007/s10668-024-05265-2 · 2026 · External reference
Reducing our environmental footprint and improving our health: greenhouse gas emission and land use of usual diet and mortality in EPIC-NL: a prospective cohort study
10.1186/1476-069x-13-27 · 2014 · External reference
Health outcome convergence and the roles of public health financing and governance in Africa
10.1371/journal.pone.0312089 · 2024 · External reference
Threshold effect of governance quality in the relationship between public health expenditure and life expectancy at birth in the west African economic and monetary union
10.1186/s12913-025-12603-1 · 2025 · External reference
An overview of healthcare systems in Comoros: the effects of two decades of political instability
10.5334/aogh.3100 · 2021 · External reference
Politics and health in eight European countries: a comparative study of mortality decline under social democracies and right-wing governments
10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.014 · 2010 · External reference
Life expectancy in Indonesia: the role of health infrastructure, political, and socioeconomic status
10.22059/ier.2023.329904.1007259 · 2023 · External reference
Political conditions and life expectancy in Europe, 1900–2008
10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.12.022 · 2013 · External reference
Political factors, household income, under five survival, and life expectancy in the Sahel region
10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i12.7 · 2023 · External reference
Political instability and child anemia in Peru: a national interrupted time-series analysis, 2006–2024
10.3389/fpubh.2026.1880585 · 2026 · External reference
Modelling the impact of economic development, health-related factors and political instability on life expectancy in Somalia: an ARDL approach
10.1186/s12982-026-01537-6 · 2026 · External reference
A gateway to SDG-3: tourism, institutional quality, and healthy life in BRICS
10.1002/sd.70694 · 2026 · External reference
The moderating role of health financing and national security policies in addressing the effects of COVID-19 risks and poverty on life expectancy in developing nations
10.1007/s44155-026-00375-w · 2026 · External reference
Assessment of social development across age groups in Vietnam: employing the demographic metric of literate life expectancy
10.1177/21582440251324694 · 2025 · External reference
The causal links among economic growth, education and health: evidence from developed and developing countries
10.1007/s13132-020-00678-6 · 2021 · External reference
The effect of education on health: evidence from national compulsory schooling reforms
10.1007/s13209-019-0201-0 · 2020 · External reference
Estimating the relation between health and education: what do we know and what do we need to know?
10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.03.009 · 2011 · External reference
Examining the relationship between life expectancy, reproduction, and educational attainment
10.1007/s12110-010-9092-2 · 2010 · External reference
Global trends in total fertility rate and its relation to national wealth, life expectancy and female education
10.1186/s12889-022-13656-1 · 2022 · External reference
The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015
10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5 · 2020 · External reference
Urban density and child health and wellbeing: a scoping review of the literature
10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103393 · 2025 · External reference
10.1007/978-94-017-1671-0_11
10.1007/978-94-017-1671-0_11 · 1994 · External reference
Explaining the spatial variation in American life expectancy
10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112759 · 2020 · External reference
Contributions of the life expectancy gap reduction between urban and rural areas to the increase in overall life expectancy in South Korea from 2000 to 2019
10.1186/s12939-023-01960-0 · 2023 · External reference
Assessing trade-offs and optimal ranges of density for life expectancy and 12 causes of mortality in metro Vancouver, Canada, 1990–2016
10.3390/ijerph19052900 · 2022 · External reference
Place and child health: the interaction of population density and sanitation in developing countries
10.1007/s13524-016-0538-y · 2017 · External reference
Environmental determinants of population health in urban settings. A systematic review
10.1186/s12889-020-08905-0 · 2020 · External reference
Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America
10.1038/s41591-020-01214-4 · 2021 · External reference
Maternal human capital and infants’ health outcomes: evidence from minimum dropout age policies in the US
10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101163 · 2022 · External reference
Freezing economies, melting futures: the impact of sanctions on climate adaptation readiness—panel evidence from 68 targeted developing countries
10.1002/sd.70674 · 2026 · External reference
Evaluating the influences of health expenditure, energy consumption, and environmental pollution on life expectancy in Asia
10.3390/ijerph20054000 · 2023 · External reference
How does government efficiency affect health outcomes? The empirical evidence from 156 countries
10.3390/ijerph19159436 · 2022 · External reference
Women’s education, child welfare and child survival: a review of the evidence
1993 · External reference
Poverty and Health Outcomes ın Nigeria
10.32479/ijefi.8704 · 2019 · External reference
Testing slope homogeneity in large panels
10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010 · 2008 · External reference
Health care spending in the United States and other high-income countries
10.1001/jama.2018.1150 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Life expectancy and human capital: new empirical evidence
10.1002/hec.4626 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhancing life expectancy for sustainable development: poverty reduction and climate change implications in the developing and emerging economies
10.1002/sd.70036 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Freezing economies, melting futures: the impact of sanctions on climate adaptation readiness—panel evidence from 68 targeted developing countries
10.1002/sd.70674 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A gateway to SDG-3: tourism, institutional quality, and healthy life in BRICS
10.1002/sd.70694 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Institutions matter for sustainable development: economic growth, structural transformation, efficiency, and health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa
10.1002/sd.71321 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1007/978-94-017-1671-0_11
10.1007/978-94-017-1671-0_11 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Infant health and mortality indicators
10.1007/bf01264105 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining the impact of ecological deficit on life expectancy in GCC countries: a nonlinear panel data investigation
10.1007/s10668-024-05265-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Health expenditure, longevity, and child mortality: dynamic panel data approach with global data
10.1007/s10754-019-09272-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Determinants of life expectancy and its prospects under the role of economic misery: a case of Pakistan
10.1007/s11205-015-0927-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of financial development and economic misery on life expectancy: evidence from post financial reforms in India
10.1007/s11205-015-1040-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Beyond COP26: can income level moderate fossil fuels, carbon emissions, and human capital for healthy life expectancy in Africa?
10.1007/s11356-022-21872-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining the relationship between life expectancy, reproduction, and educational attainment
10.1007/s12110-010-9092-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Social determinants of under-five mortality in urban Bangladesh
10.1007/s12546-019-09240-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The causal links among economic growth, education and health: evidence from developed and developing countries
10.1007/s13132-020-00678-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of education on health: evidence from national compulsory schooling reforms
10.1007/s13209-019-0201-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Place and child health: the interaction of population density and sanitation in developing countries
10.1007/s13524-016-0538-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The moderating role of health financing and national security policies in addressing the effects of COVID-19 risks and poverty on life expectancy in developing nations
10.1007/s44155-026-00375-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cross-national time series analysis of the association between population density and population health outcomes
10.1007/s44155-026-00390-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Social and environmental factors and life expectancy, infant mortality, and maternal mortality rates: results of a cross-national comparison
10.1016/0277-9536(94)90170-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Estimating the relation between health and education: what do we know and what do we need to know?
10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.03.009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Urban density and child health and wellbeing: a scoping review of the literature
10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103393 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Governance matters: the moderating role of government effectiveness in the digitalization–human capital nexus in sub-Saharan Africa
10.1016/j.ijedudev.2026.103506 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Economic conditions and health: local effects, national effect and local area heterogeneity
10.1016/j.jebo.2023.07.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Testing slope homogeneity in large panels
10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining the impact of ecological footprint on life expectancy in the MENA countries: a panel threshold analysis
10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101639 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Is the political system really related to health?
10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.033 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Politics and health in eight European countries: a comparative study of mortality decline under social democracies and right-wing governments
10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Political conditions and life expectancy in Europe, 1900–2008
10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.12.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Explaining the spatial variation in American life expectancy
10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112759 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Economic inequality and corruption as social determinants of health: an empirical analysis across 136 countries (2001–2020)
10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101686 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maternal human capital and infants’ health outcomes: evidence from minimum dropout age policies in the US
10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101163 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America
10.1038/s41591-020-01214-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Increasing the ecological footprint significantly reduces life expectancy and increases infant mortality rates in Ethiopia
10.1038/s41598-026-53595-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Resource dependence and population health outcomes: insights from developing countries (2000–2020)
10.1057/s41287-026-00759-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Estimating a health production function for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
10.1080/00036840412331313521 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
On the concept of health capital and the demand for health
10.1086/259880 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of health expenditure on average life expectancy: does government effectiveness play a moderating role?
10.1108/ijhg-03-2022-0027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effects of health expenditure on health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
10.1111/1467-8268.12287 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
From poverty to health: intraurban inequalities in child health indicators in low-income and middle-income countries during the SDG era
10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019134 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of socio-economic and female indicators on child mortality rate in Bangladesh: a time series analysis
10.1177/0030222821993616 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Investment in physical, human capital, economic growth and life expectancy in Bangladesh: an empirical investigation
10.1177/1391561418799110 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Assessment of social development across age groups in Vietnam: employing the demographic metric of literate life expectancy
10.1177/21582440251324694 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparing the socioeconomic development of G7 and BRICS countries and resilience to COVID-19: an entropy–MARCOS framework
10.1177/22785337211015406 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reducing our environmental footprint and improving our health: greenhouse gas emission and land use of usual diet and mortality in EPIC-NL: a prospective cohort study
10.1186/1476-069x-13-27 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Environmental determinants of population health in urban settings. A systematic review
10.1186/s12889-020-08905-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global trends in total fertility rate and its relation to national wealth, life expectancy and female education
10.1186/s12889-022-13656-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Threshold effect of governance quality in the relationship between public health expenditure and life expectancy at birth in the west African economic and monetary union
10.1186/s12913-025-12603-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Contributions of the life expectancy gap reduction between urban and rural areas to the increase in overall life expectancy in South Korea from 2000 to 2019
10.1186/s12939-023-01960-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Modelling the impact of economic development, health-related factors and political instability on life expectancy in Somalia: an ARDL approach
10.1186/s12982-026-01537-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015
10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Health outcome convergence and the roles of public health financing and governance in Africa
10.1371/journal.pone.0312089 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Economic crises, child mortality and the protective role of public health expenditure
10.1590/1413-812320182412.25082019 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Life expectancy in Zimbabwe: an analysis of five decades
10.19030/iber.v14i3.9207 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Public health expenditures and health outcomes in Pakistan: evidence from quantile autoregressive distributed lag model
10.2147/rmhp.s316844 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Life expectancy in Indonesia: the role of health infrastructure, political, and socioeconomic status
10.22059/ier.2023.329904.1007259 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Political factors, household income, under five survival, and life expectancy in the Sahel region
10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i12.7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Poverty and Health Outcomes ın Nigeria
10.32479/ijefi.8704 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Analysis of the impact of external debt on health in an emerging Asian economy: does FDI matter?
10.3389/fpubh.2022.824073 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Government health expenditures and health outcome nexus: a study on OECD countries
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1123759 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Distributional dynamics of child mortality in Africa: quantile evidence from economic, environmental, and demographic transitions
10.3389/fpubh.2026.1730385 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Political instability and child anemia in Peru: a national interrupted time-series analysis, 2006–2024
10.3389/fpubh.2026.1880585 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Assessing trade-offs and optimal ranges of density for life expectancy and 12 causes of mortality in metro Vancouver, Canada, 1990–2016
10.3390/ijerph19052900 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How does government efficiency affect health outcomes? The empirical evidence from 156 countries
10.3390/ijerph19159436 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evaluating the influences of health expenditure, energy consumption, and environmental pollution on life expectancy in Asia
10.3390/ijerph20054000 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of ecological footprint, urbanization, education, health expenditure, and industrialization on child mortality: insights for environment and public health in Eastern Europe
10.3390/ijerph21101379 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The nexus between sustainable economic development and government health expenditure in Asian countries based on ecological footprint consumption
10.3390/su13126824 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ecological footprint and population health outcomes: evidence from E7 countries
10.3390/su15108224 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of government effectiveness, health expenditure, and sustainable development goals on life expectancy: evidence from time series data
10.3390/su16146128 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An overview of healthcare systems in Comoros: the effects of two decades of political instability
10.5334/aogh.3100 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of ecological footprint on the longevity of human life: a case of emerging Asian economies
10.62345/jads.2023.12.3.94 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
