Research graph
References from Racial disparities in gun violence: current evidence, an integrated cascading perspective, knowledge gaps, policy prescriptions. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Crime, and the Law
1998 · External reference
10.1093/oso/9780195077209.001.0001
10.1093/oso/9780195077209.001.0001 · 1995 · External reference
The school-to-prison pipeline in America, 1972–202
2012 · External reference
Disproportionate minority contact
10.1353/foc.0.0013 · 2008 · External reference
Theory and racial profiling: shortcomings and future directions in research
10.1080/07418820200095231 · 2002 · External reference
10.1017/cbo9780511499456
10.1017/cbo9780511499456 · 2003 · External reference
Racial and ethnic disparities in crime and delinquency in the United States
10.1017/cbo9781139140348.008 · 2005 · External reference
Social anatomy of racial and ethnic disparities in violence
10.2105/ajph.2004.037705 · 2005 · External reference
Inequalities in exposure to firearm violence by race, sex, and birth cohort from childhood to age 40 years, 1995–2021
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12465 · 2023 · External reference
Racial inequality in firearm homicide victimization—but not other types of US violence
10.1007/s41887-023-00093-2 · 2024 · External reference
Firearm homicide demographics before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.12946 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unequal by the gun: four decades of the black-white firearm homicide gap
10.1371/journal.pone.0341645 · 2026 · External reference
Racism and health I: pathways and scientific evidence
10.1177/0002764213487340 · 2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1999 · External reference
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199347551.001.0001
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199347551.001.0001 · 2015 · External reference
Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy
10.1126/science.277.5328.918 · 1997 · External reference
Disadvantaged neighborhoods continue to bear the burden of gun violence
10.1016/j.jss.2023.09.002 · 2024 · External reference
Association between race, shooting hot spots, and the surge in gun violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia, New York and Los Angeles
10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107241 · 2022 · External reference
Social contagion of violence
10.1017/cbo9780511816840.037 · 2007 · External reference
Modeling contagion through social networks to explain and predict gunshot violence in Chicago, 2006 to 2014
10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.8245 · 2017 · External reference
Internet banging: new trends in social media, gang violence, masculinity and hip hop
10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.035 · 2013 · External reference
How research from developmental and life-course criminology can better guide juvenile justice policy
10.3390/socsci15050309 · 2026 · External reference
Joint consideration of distal and proximal predictors of premature mortality among serious juvenile offenders
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.11.018 · 2013 · External reference
The unpredictability of murder: Juvenile homicide in the pathways to desistance study
10.1177/1541204014551805 · 2016 · External reference
The role of firearms in violence scripts: the dynamics of gun events among adolescent males
10.2307/1192210 · 1996 · External reference
Unveiling the nexus: Exploring the influence of personal and situational traits on weapon selection and severity of violence
10.1177/10887679251340396 · 2025 · External reference
Understanding race/ethnicity differences in offending across the life course: gaps and opportunities
10.1007/s40865-015-0004-3 · 2015 · External reference
Gun crime trends and challenges with America's gun violence infrastructure
2025 · External reference
Racialized economic segregation and youth firearm carriage: community violence as a mediator
10.1007/s10865-025-00564-z · 2025 · External reference
Cultural mechanisms and the persistence of neighborhood violence
10.1086/655754 · 2011 · External reference
Legal cynicism and (subcultural?
10.2307/827739 · 1998 · External reference
The transmission of gun and other weapon-involved violence within social networks
10.1093/epirev/mxv009 · 2016 · External reference
Tragic, but not random: the social contagion of nonfatal gunshot injuries
10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.056 · 2015 · External reference
Manifesto for new directions in developmental science
10.1002/cad.20359 · 2020 · External reference
Violence in criminal careers: a review of the literature from a developmental life-course perspective
10.1016/j.avb.2012.02.008 · 2012 · External reference
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190201371.001.0001
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190201371.001.0001 · 2019 · External reference
Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study
10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · 1998 · External reference
Exposure to violence involving a gun is an adverse childhood experience
10.1007/978-3-030-84710-4_6 · 2021 · External reference
Adverse childhood experiences and trajectories of firearm exposure in childhood
10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114008 · 2024 · External reference
A dual systems model of adolescent risk-taking
10.1002/dev.20445 · 2010 · External reference
Punishing and toxic neighborhood environments independently predict the intergenerational social mobility of black and white children
10.1073/pnas.1820464116 · 2019 · External reference
Race and crime: the contribution of individual, familial, and neighborhood-level risk factors to life-course-persistent offending
10.7208/chicago/9780226319919.003.0007 · 2005 · External reference
Racial identity, masculinities, and violence exposure: Perspectives from male adolescents in marginalized neighborhoods
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.003 · 2020 · External reference
A review of the impact of structural racism on lived experiences of adolescents of African descent: implications for development, brain structure, and health
10.1038/s41386-025-02239-4 · 2026 · External reference
Cumulative neighborhood risk of psychosocial stress and allostatic load in adolescents
10.1093/aje/kws185 · 2012 · External reference
Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the impacts of racism on the foundations of health
10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-101940 · 2021 · External reference
How gun violence exposure influences racial health disparities among adults in the United States
10.1007/s40615-026-03051-6 · 2026 · External reference
FACTS Consortium. What are the long-term consequences of youth exposure to firearm injury, and how do we prevent them? A scoping review
10.1007/s10865-019-00035-2 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Community interventions to promote mental health and social equity
10.1007/s11920-019-1017-0 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of Two Community Violence Interruption Programs on Firearm Violence in Washington, DC
10.1093/aje/kwag023 · 2026 · External reference
Research on the effects of hospital-based violence intervention programs: observations and recommendations
10.1177/00027162231173323 · 2022 · External reference
Youth gun violence prevention in a digital age
10.1542/peds.2017-2438 · 2018 · External reference
Guns on social media: complex interpretations of gun images posted by Chicago youth
10.1057/s41599-019-0330-x · 2019 · External reference
Effects of early family/parent training programs on antisocial behavior and delinquency
10.1007/s11292-009-9072-x · 2009 · External reference
On the malleability of self-control: theoretical and policy implications regarding a general theory of crime
10.1080/07418820903379628 · 2010 · External reference
Thinking fast and slow? Some field experiments to reduce crime and dropout in Chicago
10.1093/qje/qjw033 · 2017 · External reference
SNAP (Stop Now And Plan): helping children improve their self-control and externalizing behavior problems
10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.08.010 · 2018 · External reference
The national institute on minority health and health disparities research framework
10.2105/ajph.2018.304883 · 2019 · External reference
Depicting “the system”: how structural racism and disenfranchisement in the United States can cause dynamics in community violence among males in urban black communities
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113469 · 2021 · External reference
Racism and racial disparities in firearm violence: a scoping review
10.1002/ajcp.70064 · 2026 · External reference
The age of extremes: concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century
10.2307/2061773 · 1996 · External reference
