References

Parp1 catalytic variants reveal branching and chain length-specific functions of poly(adp-ribose) in cellular physiology and stress response

10.1093/nar/gkaa590 · 2020 · External reference

Considerations and challenges in studying liquid-liquid phase separation and biomolecular condensates

10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.035 · 2019 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribosyl)ation by parp1: reaction mechanism and regulatory proteins

10.1093/nar/gkz120 · 2019 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) in condensates: the partnership of phase separation and site-specific interactions

10.3390/ijms232214075 · External reference

A separate phase? Poly(adp-ribose) versus rna in the organization of biomolecular condensates

10.1093/nar/gkac866 · External reference

Liquid demixing of intrinsically disordered proteins is seeded by poly(adp-ribose)

10.1038/ncomms9088 · 2015 · External reference

Characterization of polymers of adenosine diphosphate ribose generated in vitro and in vivo

10.1021/bi00385a042 · 1987 · External reference

The parp superfamily

10.1002/bies.20085 · 2004 · External reference

Switch-like compaction of poly(adp-ribose) upon cation binding

10.1073/pnas.2215068120 · 2023 · External reference

Biology of poly(adp-ribose) polymerases: the factotums of cell maintenance

10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.034 · 2015 · External reference

Ph induced switch in the conformational ensemble of intrinsically disordered protein prothymosin-α and its implications for amyloid fibril formation

10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01972 · 2022 · External reference

Intrinsic stiffness and θ-solvent regime in intrinsically disordered proteins: implications for liquid–liquid phase separation

10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf039 · External reference

Salts influence idp properties by modulating the population of conformational clusters

10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c08248 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) (par) exhibits ion-dependent structural properties distinct from rna

10.1093/nar/gkag265 · 2026 · External reference

Biomolecular condensates: organizers of cellular biochemistry

10.1038/nrm.2017.7 · 2017 · External reference

The role of parp1 and par in atp-independent nucleosome reorganisation during the dna damage response

10.3390/genes14010112 · 2023 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) in the cellular response to dna damage

10.2307/3576299 · 1985 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) polymerase 1 (parp-1) regulates ribosomal biogenesis in drosophila nucleoli

10.1371/journal.pgen.1002442 · 2012 · External reference

Rna regulation by poly(adp-ribose) polymerases

10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.037 · 2015 · External reference

Germline p granules are liquid droplets that localize by controlled dissolution/condensation

10.1126/science.1172046 · 2009 · External reference

Polymer physics of intracellular phase transitions

10.1038/nphys3532 · 2015 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose): paradigms and paradoxes

10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.010 · 2013 · External reference

Nicotinamide mononucleotide activation of a new dna-dependent polyadenylic acid synthesizing nuclear enzyme

10.1016/0006-291x(63)90024-x · 1963 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) is required for spindle assembly and structure

10.1038/nature03061 · 2004 · External reference

Parp1-dna co-condensation drives dna repair site assembly to prevent disjunction of broken dna ends

10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.015 · 2024 · External reference

The multifaceted roles of parp1 in dna repair and chromatin remodelling

10.1038/nrm.2017.53 · 2017 · External reference

Reentrant dna shells tune polyphosphate condensate size

10.1038/s41467-024-53469-x · 2024 · External reference

Par and the organization of the dna damage response

10.1038/nsmb.3089 · 2015 · External reference

Parp2 mediates branched poly adp-ribosylation in response to dna damage

10.1038/s41467-018-05588-5 · 2018 · External reference

Phase separation of nucleic acids: mechanisms, properties, and applications

10.1002/anie.202523943 · 2026 · External reference

Evolutionary history of the poly(adp-ribose) polymerase gene family in eukaryotes

10.1186/1471-2148-10-308 · 2010 · External reference

Identifying poly(adp-ribose)-binding proteins with photoaffinity-based proteomics

10.1021/jacs.0c12246 · 2021 · External reference

Parthanatos, a messenger of death

10.2741/3297 · 2009 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) polymerase auto-modification and interaction with dna - electron microscopic visualization

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01460.x · 1983 · External reference

Parp1 represses pap and inhibits polyadenylation during heat shock

10.1016/j.molcel.2012.11.005 · 2013 · External reference

Relation between single-molecule properties and phase behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins

10.1073/pnas.1804177115 · 2018 · External reference

Histone displacement during nucleotide excision repair

10.3390/ijms131013322 · 2012 · External reference

Dna damage alters nuclear mechanics through chromatin reorganization

10.1093/nar/gkaa1202 · 2021 · External reference

Parylation regulates stress granule dynamics, phase separation, and neurotoxicity of disease-related rna-binding proteins

10.1038/s41422-019-0141-z · 2019 · External reference

Geometrical constraints limiting the poly(adp-ribose) conformation investigated by molecular dynamics simulation

10.1002/bip.22280 · 2014 · External reference

The multifaceted role of parp1 in rna biogenesis

10.1002/wrna.1617 · 2021 · External reference

The nucleolus and parp1 in cancer biology

10.3390/cancers12071813 · 2020 · External reference

Quantitative analysis of the binding affinity of poly(adp-ribose) to specific binding proteins as a function of chain length

10.1093/nar/gkm944 · 2007 · External reference

High-affinity interaction of poly(adp-ribose) and the human dek oncoprotein depends upon chain length

10.1021/bi1004365 · 2010 · External reference

engHigher-order organization of biomolecular condensates

10.1098/rsob.210137 · 2021 · External reference

Coexisting liquid phases underlie nucleolar subcompartments

10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.047 · 2016 · External reference

Polymerization of the adenosine 5′-diphosphate-ribose moiety of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by nuclear enzyme. i. enzymatic reactions

10.1016/0005-2787(67)90043-3 · 1967 · External reference

Proteome-wide identification of poly(adp-ribose) binding proteins and poly(adp-ribose)-associated protein complexes

10.1093/nar/gkn771 · 2008 · External reference

New insights into the molecular and cellular functions of poly(adp-ribose) and parps

10.1038/nrm3376 · 2012 · External reference

Chemical genetic discovery of parp targets reveals a role for parp-1 in transcription elongation

10.1126/science.aaf7865 · 2016 · External reference

Stressful steps: progress and challenges in understanding stress-induced mrna condensation and accumulation in stress granules

10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.014 · 2022 · External reference

The ccctc-binding factor (ctcf) of drosophila contributes to the regulation of the ribosomal dna and nucleolar stability

10.1371/journal.pone.0016401 · 2011 · External reference

Rna-induced conformational switching and clustering of g3bp drive stress granule assembly by condensation

10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.049 · 2020 · External reference

Pentose sugars encode sequence-dependent dna-rna segregation for biomimetic multiphase condensates

10.1101/2025.06.23.656378 · 2025 · External reference

Parps and adp-ribosylation: recent advances linking molecular functions to biological outcomes

10.1101/gad.291518.116 · 2017 · External reference

Metal ion sensing by tetraloop-like rna fragment: role of compact intermediates with non-native metal ion–rna inner-shell contacts

10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c06122 · 2024 · External reference

Chromatin and nucleosome dynamics in dna damage and repair

10.1101/gad.307702.117 · 2017 · External reference

Size and shape of poly(adp-ribose) - examination by gel-filtration, gel-electrophoresis and electron-microscopy

10.1016/0006-291x(83)91803-x · 1983 · External reference

The regulatory landscape of the human hpf1-and arh3-dependent adp-ribosylome

10.1038/s41467-021-26172-4 · 2021 · External reference

Molecular mechanisms of stress granule assembly and disassembly

10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118876 · 2021 · External reference

Nuclear adp-ribosylation and its role in chromatin plasticity, cell differentiation, and epigenetics

10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034506 · 2015 · External reference

Toward a unified nomenclature for mammalian adp-ribosyltransferases

10.1016/j.tibs.2009.12.003 · 2010 · External reference

Investigation of parp-1, parp-2, and parg interactomes by affinity-purification mass spectrometry

10.1186/1477-5956-8-22 · 2010 · External reference

Quantitative proteomics and dynamic imaging reveal that g3bp-mediated stress granule assembly is poly(adp-ribose)-dependent following exposure to mnng-induced dna alkylation

10.1242/jcs.106963 · 2012 · External reference

The toxin-antitoxin system dartg catalyzes reversible adp-ribosylation of dna

10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.014 · 2016 · External reference

Poly (adp-ribose): a double-edged sword governing cancer cell survival and death

10.5306/wjco.v15.i7.806 · 2024 · External reference

Functional roles of poly(adp-ribose) in stress granule formation and dynamics

10.3389/fcell.2021.671780 · 2021 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) has a branched structure in vivo

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68235-9 · 1982 · External reference

Poly(ADP-ribose) drives pathologic α-synuclein neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease

10.1126/science.aat8407 · 2018 · External reference

Sequence-encoded and composition-dependent protein-RNA interactions control multiphasic condensate morphologies

10.1038/s41467-021-21089-4 · 2021 · External reference

Novel insights into parps in gene expression: regulation of rna metabolism

10.1007/s00018-019-03120-6 · 2019 · External reference

Reprogramming cellular events by poly(adp-ribose)-binding proteins

10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.005 · 2013 · External reference

Parp-1 regulates chromatin structure and transcription through a kdm5b-dependent pathway

10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.014 · 2010 · External reference

Promiscuous interactions and protein disaggregases determine the material state of stress-inducible rnp granules

10.7554/elife.06807 · 2015 · External reference

The nucleolus as a multiphase liquid condensate

10.1038/s41580-020-0272-6 · 2021 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose): an organizer of cellular architecture

10.1083/jcb.201402114 · 2014 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose): a dynamic trigger for biomolecular condensate formation

10.1016/j.tcb.2020.02.002 · 2020 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) regulates stress responses and microrna activity in the cytoplasm

10.1016/j.molcel.2011.04.015 · 2011 · External reference

Fus-dependent liquid–liquid phase separation is important for dna repair initiation

10.1083/jcb.202008030 · 2021 · External reference

Adp-ribosylation: activation, recognition, and removal

10.14348/molcells.2014.2245 · 2014 · External reference

Driving forces of RNA condensation revealed through coarse-grained modeling with explicit Mg2+

10.1073/pnas.2504583122 · 2025 · External reference

Phase transitions in the assembly of multivalent signalling proteins

10.1038/nature10879 · 2012 · External reference

Phase separation and single-chain compactness of charged disordered proteins are strongly correlated

10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.021 · 2017 · External reference

Transient poly(adp-ribose) triggers fus condensation hysteresis via a prion-like mechanism

10.1101/2025.07.03.659157 · External reference

PARPs and ADP-ribosylation-mediated biomolecular condensates: determinants, dynamics, and disease implications

10.1016/j.tibs.2024.12.013 · External reference

Influence of chain length and branching on poly(adp-ribose)–protein interactions

10.1093/nar/gkac1235 · 2023 · External reference

On par with parp: cellular stress signaling through poly (adp-ribose) and parp-1

10.1101/gad.183509.111 · 2012 · External reference

Adp-ribosylation, a multifaceted posttranslational modification involved in the control of cell physiology in health and disease

10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122 · 2018 · External reference

Odd–even disparity in the population of slipped hairpins in rna repeat sequences with implications for phase separation

10.1073/pnas.2301409120 · 2023 · External reference

Salt-dependent self-association of trinucleotide repeat rna sequences

10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03553 · 2024 · External reference

Rna structural complexity dictates its ion atmosphere

10.1021/acs.jpclett.5c01656 · 2025 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) molecules formed during dna repair in vivo

10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32496-1 · 1994 · External reference

Parp-1 activation leads to cytosolic accumulation of tdp-43 in neurons

10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105077 · 2021 · External reference

Involvement of parp1 in the regulation of alternative splicing

10.1038/celldisc.2015.46 · 2016 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) prevents pathological phase separation of tdp-43 by promoting liquid demixing and stress granule localization

10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.002 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) engages the tdp-43 nuclear-localization sequence to regulate granulo-filamentous aggregation

10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00910 · External reference

Nuclear poly(adp-ribose) activity is a therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

10.1186/s40478-018-0586-1 · External reference

Pathway-controlled formation of mesostructured all-dna colloids and superstructures

10.1038/s41565-018-0168-1 · 2018 · External reference

Bionumbers—The database of key numbers in molecular and cell biology

10.1093/nar/gkp889 · 2010 · External reference

Spectral analysis of the conformation of polyadenosine diphosphoribose. evidence indicating secondary structure

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33108-9 · 1983 · External reference

Structure of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose): identification of 2’-[“1-ribosyl-2”-(or 3)(1-ribosyl)]adenosine-5,5,5-tris(phosphate) as a branch linkage

10.1073/pnas.76.2.595 · 1979 · External reference

The 3′-5′ dna exonuclease trex1 directly interacts with poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 (parp1) during the dna damage response

10.1074/jbc.m114.547331 · 2014 · External reference

Competition between stacking and Divalent cation-mediated electrostatic interactions determines the conformations of short DNA sequences

10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01193 · 2024 · External reference

Transition metal binding drives folding of a metalloregulatory riboswitch by modulating conformational flexibility at helical junctions

10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01338 · 2025 · External reference

Review of poly (adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) mechanisms of action and rationale for targeting in cancer and other diseases

10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2013006875 · 2014 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) links the dna damage response and biomineralization

10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.038 · 2019 · External reference

Reversible adp-ribosylation of rna

10.1093/nar/gkz305 · 2019 · External reference

Mammalian n1-adenosine parylation is a reversible dna modification

10.1038/s41467-022-33731-w · 2022 · External reference

Charge density of cation determines inner versus outer shell coordination to phosphate in rna

10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02371 · 2020 · External reference

Theory and simulations for rna folding in mixtures of monovalent and divalent cations

10.1073/pnas.1911632116 · 2019 · External reference

Condensates in rna repeat sequences are heterogeneously organized and exhibit reptation dynamics

10.1038/s41557-022-00934-z · 2022 · External reference

Divalent cations can control a switch-like behavior in heterotypic and homotypic rna coacervates

10.1038/s41598-019-48457-x · 2019 · External reference

Noncovalent interactions of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) with histones

10.1021/bi00120a014 · 1992 · External reference

Poly (adp-ribose) (par)-dependent cell death in neurodegenerative diseases

10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.12.009 · 2020 · External reference

Roles of mrna poly(a) tails in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression

10.1038/s41580-021-00417-y · 2022 · External reference

A liquid-to-solid phase transition of the als protein fus accelerated by disease mutation

10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.047 · 2015 · External reference

The nucleolus

10.1101/cshperspect.a000638 · 2011 · External reference

Transcription-replication conflicts underlie sensitivity to parp inhibitors

10.1038/s41586-024-07217-2 · 2024 · External reference

Visualizing disordered single-stranded rna: connecting sequence, structure, and electrostatics

10.1021/jacs.9b04461 · 2020 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribosyl)ation of polynucleosomes causes relaxation of chromatin structure

10.1073/pnas.79.11.3423 · 1982 · External reference

Principles and properties of stress granules

10.1016/j.tcb.2016.05.004 · 2016 · External reference

Temperature-dependent reentrant phase transition of rna–polycation mixtures

10.1039/d1sm01557e · 2022 · External reference

(adp-ribosyl)hydrolases: structure, function, and biology

10.1101/gad.334631.119 · 2020 · External reference

Energy landscapes of homopolymeric rnas revealed by deep unsupervised learning

10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.003 · 2024 · External reference

Molecular drivers of RNA phase separation

10.1073/pnas.2511348122 · 2025 · External reference

Histone shuttling by poly(adp-ribosylation)

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)37040-1 · 1992 · External reference

Why structure and chain length matter: on the biological significance underlying the structural heterogeneity of poly(adp-ribose)

10.1093/nar/gkab618 · 2021 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) drives condensation of fus via a transient interaction

10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.018 · 2022 · External reference

Regulation of biomolecular condensates by poly(adp-ribose)

10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00851 · 2023 · External reference

Parp1 condensates differentially partition dna repair proteins and enhance dna ligation

10.1038/s44319-024-00285-5 · 2024 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose): novel functions for an old molecule

10.1038/nrm1963 · 2006 · External reference

Enzymatic synthesis and structural characterization of 13c, 15n-poly(adp-ribose)

10.1021/ja903155s · 2009 · External reference

Parp-1 activation directs fus to dna damage sites to form parg-reversible compartments enriched in damaged dna

10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.031 · 2019 · External reference

Parp1 activation controls stress granule assembly after oxidative stress and dna damage

10.3390/cells11233932 · 2022 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribosyl)ation-dependent transient chromatin decondensation and histone displacement following laser microirradiation

10.1074/jbc.m115.694992 · 2016 · External reference

Single molecule detection of parp1 and parp2 interaction with dna strand breaks and their poly(adp-ribosyl)ation using high-resolution afm imaging

10.1093/nar/gkv1476 · 2016 · External reference

Divalent and multivalent cations control liquid-like assembly of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated PARP1 into multimolecular associates in vitro

10.1038/s42003-024-06811-4 · External reference

Phase separation of fus with poly(adp-ribosyl)ated parp1 is controlled by polyamines, divalent metal cations, and poly(adp-ribose) structure

10.3390/ijms252212445 · External reference

Adp-ribosylation from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications

10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.030 · 2023 · External reference

Survey and summary readers of poly(adp-ribose): designed to be fit for purpose

10.1093/nar/gkv1383 · 2016 · External reference

Birth of a nucleolus: the evolution of nucleolar compartments

10.1016/j.tcb.2005.02.007 · 2005 · External reference

Structure and function of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1: role in oxidative stress-related pathologies

10.2174/1570161054368625 · 2005 · External reference

Family-wide analysis of poly(adp-ribose) polymerase activity

10.1038/ncomms5426 · 2014 · External reference

Rnas undergo phase transitions with lower critical solution temperatures

10.1038/s41557-023-01353-4 · 2023 · External reference

The critical role of the 2’-oh group in phase separation and percolation transitions of rna

10.1101/2025.02.26.638501 · 2025 · External reference

Cation-induced intramolecular coil-to-globule transition in poly(adp-ribose)

10.1038/s41467-024-51972-9 · 2024 · External reference

Cells recognize osmotic stress through liquid-liquid phase separation lubricated with poly(adp-ribose)

10.1038/s41467-021-21614-5 · 2021 · External reference

Recent advances in the synthesis of poly (adp-ribose)

10.1016/j.bmc.2025.118202 · 2025 · External reference

Physiological levels of poly(adp-ribose) during the cell cycle regulate hela cell proliferation

10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113163 · 2022 · External reference

G3bp1 is a tunable switch that triggers phase separation to assemble stress granules

10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.046 · 2020 · External reference

Time-resolved single-molecule fret reveals length-dependent nucleosome decompaction by poly(adp-ribose)

10.64898/2026.02.25.707951 · 2026 · External reference

Poly(adp-ribose) binding sites on collagen i fibrils for nucleating intrafibrillar bone mineral

10.1073/pnas.2414849122 · 2025 · External reference

Temperature-dependent ion migration underlies sequence-specific collapse of unstructured RNA

10.1016/j.bpj.2026.05.026 · 2026 · External reference

The promise of selective parp1 inhibitors in cancer therapy

10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00561 · 2025 · External reference

The critical role of parps in regulating innate immune responses

10.3389/fimmu.2021.712556 · 2021 · External reference

Parp mediated dna damage response, genomic stability and immune responses

10.1002/ijc.33918 · 2022 · External reference

Parp1: Liaison of chromatin remodeling and transcription

10.3390/cancers14174162 · 2022 · External reference