References

Believing in overcoming cognitive biases

10.1001/amajethics.2020.773 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Medical decision making in situations that offer multiple alternatives

10.1001/jama.1995.03520280048038 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Effect of availability bias and reflective reasoning on diagnostic accuracy among internal medicine residents

10.1001/jama.2010.1276 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Evidence for anchoring bias during physician decision-making

10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.2366 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Anchoring to a diagnosis?

10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5342 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosis in adults

10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4483 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Prognostic models for predicting clinical disease progression, worsening and activity in people with multiple sclerosis

10.1002/14651858.cd013606.pub2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive debiasing strategies for the emergency department

10.1002/aet2.10010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Avoiding bias in artificial intelligence

10.1002/alr.23129 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

How neurologists think: a cognitive psychology perspective on missed diagnoses

10.1002/ana.21907 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Spontaneous resorption of L2/L3 intervertebral disc extrusion in a 4-year-old French bulldog

10.1002/vrc2.70360 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Spontaneous resorption of a C7-T1 intervertebral disc extrusion in a cavalier king Charles spaniel confirmed via low-field MRI

10.1002/vrc2.812 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Placebos and the placebo effect in drug trials

10.1007/164_2019_269 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The placebo effect in exercise and mental health research

10.1007/7854_2024_506 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Bias in clinical research

10.1007/978-1-0716-1138-8_2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Definitions of bias in clinical research

10.1007/978-1-0716-1138-8_3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

10.1007/978-3-030-55829-1_16

10.1007/978-3-030-55829-1_16 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Modelling the impact of precaution on disease dynamics and its evolution

10.1007/s00285-024-02100-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Diagnostic errors in spinal metastases: a systematic review of contributing clinical and systemic factors

10.1007/s00586-025-09584-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Automated detection of heuristics and biases among pathologists in a computer-based system

10.1007/s10459-012-9374-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Debiasing versus knowledge retrieval checklists to reduce diagnostic error in ECG interpretation

10.1007/s10459-019-09875-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The timing and nature of behavioural responses affect the course of an epidemic

10.1007/s11538-019-00684-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Medicine and heuristics: cognitive biases and medical decision-making

10.1007/s11845-020-02235-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Subjective probability: a judgment of representativeness

10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Investigating visual hindsight bias in medical imaging

10.1016/j.acra.2020.05.044 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases regarding utilization of emergency severity index among emergency nurses

10.1016/j.ajem.2023.08.021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Teaching the use of framing and decontextualization to address context-based bias in psychiatry

10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102276 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Overconfidence as a cause of diagnostic error in medicine

10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.01.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Task switching, multitasking, and errors: a psychologic perspective on the impact of interruptions

10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.120 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Publication bias and selective outcome reporting in randomized controlled trials related to rehabilitation: a literature review

10.1016/j.apmr.2023.06.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Nurses' cognitive and perceptual bias in the identification of clinical deterioration cues

10.1016/j.aucc.2019.08.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases in diagnosis and decision making during anaesthesia and intensive care

10.1016/j.bjae.2021.07.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Intensive care unit decision-making in uncertain and stressful conditions. Part 2: cognitive errors, debiasing strategies, and enhancing critical thinking

10.1016/j.ccc.2021.09.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Canine degenerative myelopathy

10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.05.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Acute herniation of nondegenerate nucleus pulposus, acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion and compressive hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion

10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.07.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive diagnostic error in internal medicine

10.1016/j.ejim.2013.03.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive and implicit biases in nurses' judgment and decision-making: a scoping review

10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104284 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Confirmation bias in medical decision-making

10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.1286 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Anchoring bias and heuristics can perpetuate disparities in dermatology

10.1016/j.jaad.2022.05.059 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Bias in medicine: lessons learned and mitigation strategies

10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.07.012 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The impact of hindsight bias on the diagnosis of perioperative events by anesthesia providers: a multicenter randomized crossover study

10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111549 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases, environmental, patient and personal factors associated with critical care decision making: a scoping review

10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.04.012 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical decision making in physical therapy: exploring the heuristic in clinical practice

10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102674 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The practice of medicine: understanding diagnostic error

10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.04.025 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Why smart oncology clinicians do dumb things: a review of cognitive bias in radiation oncology

10.1016/j.prro.2019.03.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical decision-making: heuristics and cognitive biases for the ophthalmologist

10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.08.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Proportion recovery and times to ambulation for non-ambulatory dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusions treated with hemilaminectomy or conservative treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-series studies

10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.12.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Dunning-Kruger effect

10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.046 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Conditioned hormonal responses: a systematic review in animals and humans

10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Individual differences in reasoning: implications for the rationality debate?

10.1017/s0140525x00003435 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive and human factors in expert decision making: six fallacies and the eight sources of bias

10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00704 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The seven sins of memory: insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience

10.1037/0003-066x.54.3.182 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A perspective on judgment and choice: mapping bounded rationality

10.1037/0003-066x.58.9.697 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments

10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability

10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.672 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Memory sins in applied settings: what kind of progress?

10.1037/mac0000078 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Learning the natural history of human disease with generative transformers

10.1038/s41586-025-09529-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Identifying and mitigating bias in multiple aspects of modern clinical research

10.1038/s43856-026-01721-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Prognostic indicators for time to ambulation after surgical decompression in nonambulatory dogs with acute thoracolumbar disk extrusions: 112 cases

10.1053/jvet.2002.36015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for degenerative tear - 10-year outcomes

10.1056/nejmc2516079 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

From mindless to mindful practice--cognitive bias and clinical decision making

10.1056/nejmp1303712 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Educational strategies for clinical supervision of artificial intelligence use

10.1056/nejmra2503232 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population

10.1056/nejmsa0810119 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive forcing strategies in clinical decision making

10.1067/mem.2003.22 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Interventions to improve diagnostic decision making: a systematic review and meta-analysis on reflective strategies

10.1080/0142159x.2018.1497786 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Addressing omission bias in the treatment of osteoporosis: evidence from a cross-sectional study and a randomized experiment

10.1080/08870446.2025.2552228 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Quantifying heuristic bias: anchoring, availability, and representativeness

10.1080/10401334.2017.1332631 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A systematic review of the traits and cognitions associated with use of and belief in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

10.1080/13548506.2018.1442010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Selective outcome reporting in trials of behavioural health interventions in health psychology and behavioural medicine journals: a review

10.1080/17437199.2024.2367613 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Recovery of pelvic limb function in dogs following acute intervertebral disc herniations

10.1089/089771504772695940 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Choice and the placebo effect: a meta-analysis

10.1093/abm/kaab111 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A framework for understanding selection bias in real-world healthcare data

10.1093/jrsssa/qnae039 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Misreporting of results of research in psychiatry

10.1093/schbul/sbab040 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimize them

10.1097/00001888-200308000-00003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Does time pressure have a negative effect on diagnostic accuracy?

10.1097/acm.0000000000001098 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The causes of errors in clinical reasoning: cognitive biases, knowledge deficits, and dual process thinking

10.1097/acm.0000000000001421 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Teaching critical thinking: a case for instruction in cognitive biases to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient safety

10.1097/acm.0000000000002518 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical reasoning and diagnostic error: a call to merge two worlds to improve patient care

10.1097/acm.0000000000003041 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Think twice: effects on diagnostic accuracy of returning to the case to reflect upon the initial diagnosis

10.1097/acm.0000000000003153 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

From theory to practice: the application of cognitive load theory to the practice of medicine

10.1097/acm.0000000000003641 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Macy foundation innovation report part II: from hype to reality: innovators' visions for navigating AI integration challenges in medical education

10.1097/acm.0000000000006117 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A universal model of diagnostic reasoning

10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ace703 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Relating faults in diagnostic reasoning to diagnostic errors and patient harm

10.1097/acm.0b013e31823f71e6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A nomogram for predicting late-onset neurological deficits in the natural course of kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis

10.1097/brs.0000000000005201 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Competency-based interprofessional continuing education focusing on systems thinking and health care delivery for health care professionals

10.1097/ceh.0000000000000326 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

"belief-based" medicine is not evidence-based medicine

10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003281 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Education initiatives in cognitive debiasing to improve diagnostic accuracy in student providers: a scoping review

10.1097/jxx.0000000000000479 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Using case vignettes to study the presence of outcome, hindsight, and implicit bias in acute unplanned medical care: a cross-sectional study

10.1097/mej.0000000000001127 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Applying cognitive task analysis to health services research

10.1111/1475-6773.14106 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Avoiding anchoring bias by moving beyond "mechanical falls" in geriatric emergency medicine

10.1111/1742-6723.13129 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

An umbrella review of effect size, bias, and power across meta-analyses in emergency medicine

10.1111/acem.14312 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Diagnostic reasoning and cognitive error in emergency medicine: implications for teaching and learning

10.1111/acem.14968 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive bias in veterinary clinical decision-making: Antemortem misdiagnosis of suspected giant kidney worm (Dioctophyme renale) in Australia

10.1111/avj.70091 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Evaluation of the success of medical management for presumptive cervical intervertebral disk herniation in dogs

10.1111/j.1532-950x.2007.00296.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The cognitive imperative: thinking about how we think

10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00467.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The relative sensitivity of computed tomography and myelography for identification of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniations in dogs

10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01528.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Does choice of imaging modality affect outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar spinal conditions?

10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00936.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Use of heuristics during the clinical decision process by family care physicians in real conditions

10.1111/jep.13608 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Dual process models of clinical reasoning: the central role of knowledge in diagnostic expertise

10.1111/jep.13998 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Spontaneous resolution of severe disc-associated spinal cord compression in a dog

10.1111/jsap.13526 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of acute canine thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion

10.1111/jvim.16480 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Recovery of ambulation in small, nonbrachycephalic dogs after conservative management of acute thoracolumbar disk extrusion

10.1111/jvim.17149 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Critical thinking, biases and dual processing: the enduring myth of generalisable skills

10.1111/medu.13872 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Acute and chronic sleep deprivation in residents: cognition and stress biomarkers

10.1111/medu.14296 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Deliberate reflection and clinical reasoning: founding ideas and empirical findings

10.1111/medu.14863 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Decontextualisation for framing effect reduction

10.1111/tct.13464 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Comparison between noncontrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection and characterization of thoracolumbar myelopathy caused by intervertebral disk herniation in dogs

10.1111/vru.12114 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Letter to the editor

10.1111/vru.12174_1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Author response

10.1111/vru.12174_2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Investigation of parameters predicting the need for diagnostic imaging beyond computed tomography in the evaluation of dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy: retrospective evaluation of 555 dogs

10.1111/vru.12576 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography to plan hemilaminectomies in chondrodystrophic dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion

10.1111/vsu.12700 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Outcomes and prognostic indicators in 59 paraplegic medium- to large-breed dogs with extensive epidural haemorrhage secondary to thoracolumbar disc extrusion

10.1111/vsu.13592 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Visual hindsight bias for abnormal mammograms in radiologists

10.1117/1.jmi.10.s1.s11910 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases

10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice

10.1126/science.7455683 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Outcome reporting bias in Cochrane systematic reviews: a cross-sectional analysis

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032497 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive debiasing 1: origins of bias and theory of debiasing

10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001712 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive debiasing 2: impediments to and strategies for change

10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001713 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Is bias in the eye of the beholder? A vignette study to assess recognition of cognitive biases in clinical case workups

10.1136/bmjqs-2015-005014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

'Immunising' physicians against availability bias in diagnostic reasoning: a randomised controlled experiment

10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010079 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Effect of the surgical safety checklist on provider and patient outcomes: a systematic review

10.1136/bmjqs-2021-014361 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Using voluntary reports from physicians to learn from diagnostic errors in emergency medicine

10.1136/emermed-2014-204604 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

New considerations about Chiari-like malformation, syringomyelia and their management

10.1136/inp.m1869 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical reasoning in canine spinal disease: what combination of clinical information is useful?

10.1136/vr.102988 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

We need to talk about error: causes and types of error in veterinary practice

10.1136/vr.103331 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical characteristics of canine fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCE): a systematic review of 393 cases (1973-2013)

10.1136/vr.103863 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Outcome comparison in dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of thoracolumbar fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy and acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

10.1136/vr.104090 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Intervertebral disc disease and aortic thromboembolism are the most common causes of acute paralysis in dogs and cats presenting to an emergency clinic

10.1136/vr.105844 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Bias in radiology: the how and why of misses and misinterpretations

10.1148/rg.2018170107 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Selection Bias and information Bias in clinical research

10.1159/000312871 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Teaching metacognition in clinical decision-making using a novel mnemonic checklist: an exploratory study

10.11622/smedj.2016015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases and heuristics in medical decision making: a critical review using a systematic search strategy

10.1177/0272989x14547740 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Medical decisions of pediatric residents turn riskier after a 24-hour call with no sleep

10.1177/0272989x15626398 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Debiasing health-related judgements and decision making: a systematic review

10.1177/0272989x17716672 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Errors in clinical diagnosis: a narrative review

10.1177/03000605231162798 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Thinking fast increases framing effects in risky decision making

10.1177/0956797616689092 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Think about how you think about cases

10.1177/1098612x15623112 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Case-based clinical reasoning in feline medicine: 1: intuitive and analytical systems

10.1177/1098612x15623116 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Case-based clinical reasoning in feline medicine: 2: managing cognitive error

10.1177/1098612x16631233 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Case-based clinical reasoning in feline medicine: 3: use of heuristics and illness scripts

10.1177/1098612x16643251 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Intensive care decision-making: identifying the challenges and generating solutions to improve inter-specialty referrals to critical care

10.1177/1751143718758933 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinimetrics corner: the many faces of selection bias

10.1179/106698110x12640740712699 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Artificial intelligence in headache medicine: between automation and the doctor-patient relationship. A systematic review

10.1186/s10194-025-0192-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases encountered by physicians in the emergency room

10.1186/s12873-022-00708-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Decision making under uncertainty, therapeutic inertia, and physicians' risk preferences in the management of multiple sclerosis (DIScUTIR MS)

10.1186/s12883-016-0577-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Immersive high fidelity simulation of critically ill patients to study cognitive errors: a pilot study

10.1186/s12909-017-0871-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Diagnostic errors by medical students: results of a prospective qualitative study

10.1186/s12909-017-1024-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A cognitive forcing tool to mitigate cognitive bias-a randomised control trial

10.1186/s12909-018-1444-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Online patient simulation training to improve clinical reasoning: a feasibility randomised controlled trial

10.1186/s12909-020-02168-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Educational strategies in the health professions to mitigate cognitive and implicit bias impact on decision making: a scoping review

10.1186/s12909-023-04371-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Natural frequency tree- versus conditional probability formula-based training for medical students' estimation of screening test predictive values: a randomized controlled trial

10.1186/s12909-024-06209-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases associated with medical decisions: a systematic review

10.1186/s12911-016-0377-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Prevalence of neurological disorders in French bulldogs: a retrospective study of 343 cases (2002-2016)

10.1186/s12917-017-1132-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Magnetic resonance image findings in pug dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy and concurrent caudal articular process dysplasia

10.1186/s12917-019-1866-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A review of cerebrospinal fluid circulation with respect to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in brachycephalic dogs

10.1186/s12987-025-00636-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases in clinical decision-making in prehospital critical care: a scoping review

10.1186/s13049-025-01415-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: III. Strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment

10.1186/s41235-023-00511-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Recognizing and reducing cognitive bias in clinical and forensic neurology

10.1212/cpj.0000000000000181 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Two-year profile of preventable errors in hospital-based neurology

10.1212/cpj.0000000000001163 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The neurobiology under the placebo effect

10.1358/dot.2019.55.7.3010575 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A systematic review of machine learning-based prognostic models for acute pancreatitis: toward improving methods and reporting quality

10.1371/journal.pmed.1004432 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Defining the representativeness heuristic in trauma triage: a retrospective observational cohort study

10.1371/journal.pone.0212201 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Working memory loads differentially influence frame-induced bias and normative choice in risky decision making

10.1371/journal.pone.0214571 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Factors and impact of physicians' diagnostic errors in malpractice claims in Japan

10.1371/journal.pone.0237145 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Decision making biases in the allied health professions: a systematic scoping review

10.1371/journal.pone.0240716 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Dropping the baton: cognitive biases in emergency physicians

10.1371/journal.pone.0316361 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Deconstructing the diagnostic reasoning of human versus artificial intelligence

10.1503/cmaj.190937 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The challenges in defining and measuring diagnostic error

10.1515/dx-2014-0069 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Development and evaluation of a clinical reasoning curriculum as part of an internal medicine residency program

10.1515/dx-2018-0093 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Expanding boundaries: a transtheoretical model of clinical reasoning and diagnostic error

10.1515/dx-2019-0102 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Lessons in clinical reasoning: pitfalls, myths, and pearls—the contribution of faulty data gathering and synthesis to diagnostic error

10.1515/dx-2019-0108 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The variability in how physicians think: a case-based diagnostic simulation exercise

10.1515/dx-2020-0010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A pause in pediatrics: implementation of a pediatric diagnostic time-out

10.1515/dx-2022-0010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A scoping review of distributed cognition in acute care clinical decision-making

10.1515/dx-2022-0092 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases in internal medicine: a scoping review

10.1515/dx-2022-0120 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive Debiasing strategies: a faculty development workshop for clinical teachers in emergency medicine

10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10646 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical reasoning in veterinary practice

10.18849/ve.v5i2.283 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Action for cognitive biases in clinical decision-making

10.20935/acadmed7526 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Japanese internists' most memorable diagnostic error cases: a self-reflection survey

10.2169/internalmedicine.1494-22 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Heuristics and cognitive error in medical imaging

10.2214/ajr.17.18907 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk

10.2307/1914185 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Challenges in medical decision making and major cognitive errors in clinical reasoning: a historical perspective

10.23750/abm.v96i6.17702 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

10.23970/ahrqepccer258

10.23970/ahrqepccer258 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Evolution of clinical signs and predictors of outcome after conservative medical treatment for disk-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in dogs

10.2460/javma.240.7.848 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Spontaneous regression of lumbar Hansen type 1 disk extrusion detected with magnetic resonance imaging in a dog

10.2460/javma.244.6.715 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Comparison of clinical signs and outcomes between dogs with presumptive ischemic myelopathy and dogs with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

10.2460/javma.249.7.767 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Exploring knowledge of cognitive disposition to respond in clinical decision-making among Early clinical learners

10.26574/maedica.2023.18.2.317 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

An investigation into the clinical reasoning development of veterinary students

10.3138/jvme.0815-130r1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Heuristic decision making in medicine

10.31887/dcns.2012.14.1/jmarewski · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Debiasing and educational interventions in medical diagnosis: a systematic review

10.33137/utmj.v100i1.38937 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The impact of cognitive biases on professionals' decision-making: a review of four occupational areas

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802439 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A statistical explanation of the Dunning-Kruger effect

10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840180 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive bias and how to improve sustainable decision making

10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129835 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A review of fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy and different types of peracute noncompressive intervertebral disk extrusions in dogs and cats

10.3389/fvets.2015.00024 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Current approaches to the management of acute thoracolumbar disc extrusion in dogs

10.3389/fvets.2020.00610 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Prognostic factors in canine acute intervertebral disc disease

10.3389/fvets.2020.596059 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Outcome in paraplegic dogs with or without pain perception due to thoracolumbar fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy or acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

10.3389/fvets.2024.1406843 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Outcome of the use of clinical reasoning alone in dogs with acute thoracolumbar myelopathy and/or pain

10.3390/ani14071017 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

We have guidelines, but we can also be artists: neurologists discuss prognostic uncertainty, cognitive biases, and scoring tools

10.3390/brainsci12111591 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Common biases, difficulties, and errors in clinical reasoning in veterinary medical encounters with a case example

10.3390/encyclopedia5010014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive bias and diagnostic errors among physicians in Japan: a self-reflection survey

10.3390/ijerph19084645 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical and neuroradiological manifestations of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a closer look into the natural history of a frequent disease

10.3390/jcm14051697 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The misdiagnosis tracker: enhancing diagnostic reasoning through cognitive Bias awareness and error analysis

10.3390/jcm14124139 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Comparison of imaging methods and population pattern in dogs with spinal diseases in three periods between 2005 and 2022: a retrospective study

10.3390/vetsci10050359 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive task analysis to evaluate resident physician decision making in the intensive care unit

10.34197/ats-scholar.2025-0009oc · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive task analysis to understand and overcome heuristics in medical residents: even more relevant in the era of artificial intelligence

10.34197/ats-scholar.2025-0149ed · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Heuristics and cognitive biases: a conceptual analysis

10.3758/s13421-025-01814-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

The anchoring bias reflects rational use of cognitive resources

10.3758/s13423-017-1286-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

NCSBN clinical judgment measurement model clarification

10.3928/01484834-20200617-02 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Understanding uncertainty in medicine: concepts and implications in medical education

10.3946/kjme.2018.92 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Making better clinical decisions: how doctors can recognise and reduce bias and noise in medical practice

10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2024346 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Anchoring errors in emergency medicine residents and faculties

10.47176/mjiri.36.124 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive bias in medical decision making

10.47363/jpr/2022(4)142 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive bias in clinical medicine

10.4997/jrcpe.2018.306 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Cognitive biases in orthopaedic surgery

10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00620 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Impact of sleep deficiency on surgical performance: a prospective assessment

10.5664/jcsm.10406 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Clinical reasoning: defining it, teaching it, assessing it, studying it

10.5811/westjem.2016.11.33191 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Review of the basics of cognitive error in emergency medicine: still no easy answers

10.5811/westjem.2020.7.47832 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Artificial intelligence (AI) or augmented intelligence? How big data and AI are transforming healthcare: challenges and opportunities

10.7196/samj.2024.v114i1.1631 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Annals clinical decision making: avoiding cognitive errors in clinical decision making

10.7326/m19-3692 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

A cognitive autopsy approach towards explaining diagnostic failure

10.7759/cureus.17041 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference

Performance of large language models (ChatGPT, Bing search, and Google bard) in solving case vignettes in physiology

10.7759/cureus.42972 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference