Research graph
References from Effects of Expressway Geometric Alignment on Passenger-Car CO2 Emissions and Development of a Segment-Level Prediction Model. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Unresolved reference
External reference
Global Carbon Budget 2025
10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Structural Contribution and Scenario Simulation of Highway Passenger Transit Carbon Emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region, China
10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.09.028 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
A Review of Current and Future Powertrain Technologies and Trends in 2020
10.1016/j.treng.2021.100080 · 2021 · External reference
A Review of Light Duty Passenger Car Weight Reduction Impact on CO2 Emission
10.1504/ijgw.2018.093124 · 2018 · External reference
Review of CO2 Emissions and Technologies in the Road Transportation Sector
10.4271/2010-01-1276 · 2010 · External reference
Lightweighting in the Automotive Industry as a Measure for Energy Efficiency: Review of the Main Materials and Methods
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29728 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Real-World Carbon Dioxide Impacts of Traffic Congestion
10.3141/2058-20 · 2008 · External reference
Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emission Modelling: An in-Depth Literature Review
2011 · External reference
Estimating Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions Based on Instantaneous Speed and Acceleration Levels
10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2002)128:2(182) · 2002 · External reference
Impact of Horizontal Geometric Design of Two-Lane Rural Roads on Vehicle CO2 Emissions
10.1016/j.trd.2017.12.020 · 2018 · External reference
10.3390/su16156442
10.3390/su16156442 · External reference
The Impact of Road Grade on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission of a Passenger Vehicle in Real-World Driving
10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.015 · 2014 · External reference
Road Grade Quantification Based on Global Positioning System Data Obtained from Real-World Vehicle Fuel Use and Emissions Measurements
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.025 · 2014 · External reference
10.3389/fenvs.2022.1051858
10.3389/fenvs.2022.1051858 · External reference
Quantifying Grade Effects on Vehicle Fuel Consumption for Use in Sustainable Highway Design
10.1080/15568318.2017.1385878 · 2018 · External reference
10.3390/su15086460
10.3390/su15086460 · External reference
10.3390/en13010119
10.3390/en13010119 · External reference
Environmental Effects of Road Geometric and Operational Features
10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.207 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Integrated MOVES Model and Machine Learning Method for Prediction of CO2 and NO from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle
10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138612 · 2023 · External reference
10.4271/2026-99-1713
10.4271/2026-99-1713 · External reference
10.3390/vehicles7010016
10.3390/vehicles7010016 · External reference
Designing On-Road Vehicle Test Programs for the Development of Effective Vehicle Emission Models
10.1177/0361198105194100107 · 2005 · External reference
10.1016/b978-0-12-818122-5.00004-1
10.1016/b978-0-12-818122-5.00004-1 · External reference
10.4271/2021-01-5108
10.4271/2021-01-5108 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Random Forests
10.1023/a:1010933404324 · 2001 · External reference
Classification and Regression by randomForest
2002 · External reference
Tuning Parameters in Random Forests
10.1051/proc/201760144 · 2017 · External reference
Tunability: Importance of Hyperparameters of Machine Learning Algorithms
2019 · External reference
Regression Modeling Strategies
2011 · External reference
10.1186/s12859-016-0900-5
10.1186/s12859-016-0900-5 · External reference
Development of the World-Wide Harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle (WLTC) and a Possible Pathway for Its Introduction in the European Legislation
10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.011 · 2015 · External reference
Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in Europe—Laboratory versus Real-World Emissions
10.1016/j.pecs.2016.12.004 · 2017 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Carbon Emission of Urban Vehicles Based on Carbon Emission Factor Correlation Analysis
10.1038/s41598-025-86119-3 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Predicting Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy as a Function of Highway Speed
10.4271/2013-01-1113 · 2013 · External reference
Field Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions at High Speeds
10.3141/2191-19 · 2010 · External reference
10.3390/su162310344
10.3390/su162310344 · External reference
The Most Optimum Speed Range for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction on Expressways for Cars
10.1088/1755-1315/189/6/062027 · 2018 · External reference
Estimation of Vehicle Carbon Emissions in China Accounting for Vertical Curve Effects
10.1155/2020/1595974 · 2020 · External reference
On-Road Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles in Europe
10.1021/es2008424 · 2011 · External reference
10.1016/b978-0-12-818122-5.00004-1
10.1016/b978-0-12-818122-5.00004-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Road Grade Quantification Based on Global Positioning System Data Obtained from Real-World Vehicle Fuel Use and Emissions Measurements
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.025 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Lightweighting in the Automotive Industry as a Measure for Energy Efficiency: Review of the Main Materials and Methods
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29728 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Integrated MOVES Model and Machine Learning Method for Prediction of CO2 and NO from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle
10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138612 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in Europe—Laboratory versus Real-World Emissions
10.1016/j.pecs.2016.12.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structural Contribution and Scenario Simulation of Highway Passenger Transit Carbon Emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region, China
10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.09.028 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Impact of Road Grade on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission of a Passenger Vehicle in Real-World Driving
10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of the World-Wide Harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle (WLTC) and a Possible Pathway for Its Introduction in the European Legislation
10.1016/j.trd.2015.07.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of Horizontal Geometric Design of Two-Lane Rural Roads on Vehicle CO2 Emissions
10.1016/j.trd.2017.12.020 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A Review of Current and Future Powertrain Technologies and Trends in 2020
10.1016/j.treng.2021.100080 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Environmental Effects of Road Geometric and Operational Features
10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.207 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
On-Road Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles in Europe
10.1021/es2008424 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Random Forests
10.1023/a:1010933404324 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Carbon Emission of Urban Vehicles Based on Carbon Emission Factor Correlation Analysis
10.1038/s41598-025-86119-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tuning Parameters in Random Forests
10.1051/proc/201760144 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Estimating Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions Based on Instantaneous Speed and Acceleration Levels
10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2002)128:2(182) · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Quantifying Grade Effects on Vehicle Fuel Consumption for Use in Sustainable Highway Design
10.1080/15568318.2017.1385878 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Most Optimum Speed Range for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction on Expressways for Cars
10.1088/1755-1315/189/6/062027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Estimation of Vehicle Carbon Emissions in China Accounting for Vertical Curve Effects
10.1155/2020/1595974 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Designing On-Road Vehicle Test Programs for the Development of Effective Vehicle Emission Models
10.1177/0361198105194100107 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1186/s12859-016-0900-5
10.1186/s12859-016-0900-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A Review of Light Duty Passenger Car Weight Reduction Impact on CO2 Emission
10.1504/ijgw.2018.093124 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Real-World Carbon Dioxide Impacts of Traffic Congestion
10.3141/2058-20 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Field Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions at High Speeds
10.3141/2191-19 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fenvs.2022.1051858
10.3389/fenvs.2022.1051858 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/en13010119
10.3390/en13010119 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/su15086460
10.3390/su15086460 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/su16156442
10.3390/su16156442 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/su162310344
10.3390/su162310344 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/vehicles7010016
10.3390/vehicles7010016 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Review of CO2 Emissions and Technologies in the Road Transportation Sector
10.4271/2010-01-1276 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predicting Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy as a Function of Highway Speed
10.4271/2013-01-1113 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.4271/2021-01-5108
10.4271/2021-01-5108 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.4271/2026-99-1713
10.4271/2026-99-1713 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global Carbon Budget 2025
10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
