Research graph
References from Associations Between Smartphone Addiction and Physical Education Learning Engagement Among Chinese University Students: A Variable-Centered and Person-Centered Analysis. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
10.3390/bs13040348
10.3390/bs13040348 · External reference
On the factor structure of the Rosenberg (1965) general self-esteem scale
10.1037/pas0000073 · 2015 · External reference
Effectiveness of digital health interventions in promoting physical activity among college students: Systematic review and meta-analysis
10.2196/51714 · 2024 · External reference
Psycho-physical well-being in adolescent users of social networking sites: Empirical evidence for text neck syndrome and related measures
2025 · External reference
More minutes, fewer steps: Hourly associations between adolescent smartphone use and physical activity
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.12.251 · 2026 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137220
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137220 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1592875
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1592875 · External reference
Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: Bootstrapping with structural equation models
10.1177/1094428107300343 · 2008 · External reference
Adventure-based training to enhance resilience and reduce depressive symptoms among juveniles: A randomized controlled trial
10.1002/nur.22127 · 2021 · External reference
Social media and self-esteem
10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101304 · 2022 · External reference
Problematic cell phone use, depression, anxiety, and self-regulation: Evidence from a three year longitudinal study from adolescence to emerging adulthood
10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.014 · 2019 · External reference
Cognitive ability or motivation, or both: An integrative path analysis of the interplay between two key factors in academic achievement
10.1002/berj.4027 · 2024 · External reference
Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students
10.1556/2006.4.2015.010 · 2015 · External reference
Heterogeneity in mobile phone addiction among university freshmen and its relationship with psychological resilience: A person-centered approach
10.1007/s11469-024-01295-z · 2025 · External reference
The impact of depression and anxiety on mobile phone addiction and the mediating effect of self-esteem
10.1038/s41598-024-71947-6 · 2024 · External reference
A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport
10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 · 2013 · External reference
Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use
10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.079 · 2016 · External reference
Research on reliability and validity of utrecht work engagement scale-student
2008 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571559
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571559 · External reference
Disconnected emotions, connected behaviors: Symptom network features of problematic mobile phone use across different alexithymia profiles
10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108537 · 2026 · External reference
The relationship between mastery-approach goals and perseverance in senior high school students: The chain mediating role of self-esteem and positive rumination
10.1016/j.paid.2025.113307 · 2025 · External reference
Examining the concept of engagement in physical education
10.1080/17408989.2020.1861231 · 2022 · External reference
The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students
10.1177/0894439316660340 · 2017 · External reference
The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling
10.1016/j.ausmj.2017.02.001 · 2017 · External reference
The impact of smartphone usage frequency on university students’ academic performance: A meta-analysis of moderating factors
10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105374 · 2025 · External reference
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1681504
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1681504 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634387
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634387 · External reference
Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software
10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17 · 2021 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0338094
10.1371/journal.pone.0338094 · External reference
Sample size justification
10.1525/collabra.33267 · 2022 · External reference
Linking psychological attributes to addiction and improper use of the mobile phone among adolescents in Hong Kong
10.1080/17482790802078565 · 2008 · External reference
The effect of online interruptions on the quality of cognitive performance
10.1016/j.tele.2016.03.003 · 2016 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1643464
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1643464 · External reference
Correlations between mobile phone addiction and anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and poor sleep quality among college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1556/2006.2020.00057 · 2020 · External reference
The relationship between sports learning engagement and intrinsic motivation of college students: A longitudinal study
10.25115/ejrep.v23i65.9919 · 2025 · External reference
Stress levels and their relationship to physical activity among college students
1994 · External reference
Exploring the sequential mediation model of coping humor, self-esteem, resilience, and subjective well-being among Taiwanese university students
10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104879 · 2025 · External reference
The impact of smartphone addiction on Chinese university students’ physical activity: Exploring the role of motivation and self-efficacy
10.2147/prbm.s375395 · 2022 · External reference
Effects of physical activity on negative emotions in college students—The mediating and moderating roles of self-efficacy and mental toughness
2020 · External reference
10.1186/s12888-023-05384-6
10.1186/s12888-023-05384-6 · External reference
The bidirectional relationship between benign/malicious envy and subjective well-being in adolescents: The mediating effect of self-esteem
10.1002/jad.12368 · 2024 · External reference
Examining the interplay of physical literacy, learner engagement, and physical education satisfaction in fostering overall well-being
10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106582 · 2026 · External reference
Screen time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity changes and displacement in adolescence: A prospective cohort study
10.1080/17461391.2018.1548649 · 2019 · External reference
Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: A systematic review of mechanisms
10.1542/peds.2016-1642 · 2016 · External reference
The questionnaire method in systems research: An overview of sample sizes, response rates and statistical approaches utilized in survey studies
10.1108/vjikms-08-2020-0156 · 2021 · External reference
Principles and practice of structural equation modeling by Rex B. Kline
2012 · External reference
Health risks of mobile phone addiction among college students in China
10.1007/s11469-021-00744-3 · 2023 · External reference
10.1186/s12889-024-21250-w
10.1186/s12889-024-21250-w · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1459362
10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1459362 · External reference
A psychosocial investigation of exercise preferences in real and virtual environments
10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102530 · 2024 · External reference
Association between smartphone addiction and sedentary behaviour amongst children, adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.049 · 2025 · External reference
Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit in higher online education: Consistency of interests predicts academic success
10.1007/s11218-022-09696-5 · 2022 · External reference
The effect of self-esteem on college students’ learning adaptation: A chain mediation analysis of self-efficacy and learning burnout
10.1007/s40299-024-00945-z · 2025 · External reference
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371 · External reference
The development of self-esteem
10.1177/0963721414547414 · 2014 · External reference
Is high self-esteem beneficial? Revisiting a classic question
10.1037/amp0000922 · 2022 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03039
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03039 · External reference
Social media: A digital social mirror for identity development during adolescence
10.1007/s12144-024-05980-z · 2024 · External reference
Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies
10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879 · 2003 · External reference
Common method bias: It’s bad, it’s complex, it’s widespread, and it’s not easy to fix
10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030 · 2024 · External reference
10.3390/ijerph18168291
10.3390/ijerph18168291 · External reference
Motivational orientation, boredom and fun in physical education: The mediation role of self-esteem and motor self-efficacy
10.1177/00315125241242147 · 2024 · External reference
Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions
10.1080/08870446.2017.1325486 · 2017 · External reference
Can the affective response to exercise predict future motives and physical activity behavior? A systematic review of published evidence
10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5 · 2015 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0337918
10.1371/journal.pone.0337918 · External reference
10.3389/fpubh.2016.00187
10.3389/fpubh.2016.00187 · External reference
Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being
10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68 · 2000 · External reference
A critical review on fundamental principle of physical education
10.9772/jpspe.37.1_1 · 2015 · External reference
The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach
10.1023/a:1015630930326 · 2002 · External reference
Social comparison orientation and fear of missing out as mediators between self-concept clarity and problematic smartphone use
10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107014 · 2021 · External reference
10.3389/fspor.2024.1460267
10.3389/fspor.2024.1460267 · External reference
The effects of smartphone addiction on learning: A meta-analysis
10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100114 · 2021 · External reference
10.1186/s13102-025-01315-y
10.1186/s13102-025-01315-y · External reference
The relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction in Chinese college students-a latent profile analysis
10.7717/peerj.20724 · 2026 · External reference
Media multitasking and cognitive, psychological, neural, and learning differences
10.1542/peds.2016-1758d · 2017 · External reference
Influence of psychological factors related with body image perception on resistance to physical activity amongst university students in southern Spain
10.32604/ijmhp.2025.066137 · 2025 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1640353
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1640353 · External reference
Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration and their associations with physical, psychological, and educational outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review
10.1093/aje/kwac212 · 2023 · External reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605 · External reference
Choice requires cognitive availability: Protective structure as an enabling condition for autonomy support in digitally distracted physical education classrooms
10.1002/pchj.70099 · 2026 · External reference
Media multitasking predicts unitary versus splitting visual focal attention
10.1080/20445911.2013.835315 · 2013 · External reference
10.1186/s12889-025-22720-5
10.1186/s12889-025-22720-5 · External reference
10.3390/bs15101325
10.3390/bs15101325 · External reference
Relationships between basic psychological need, scenario interest and junior high school students’ physical education classroom learning involvement
2020 · External reference
Heterogeneous patterns of problematic smartphone use and depressive symptoms among college students: Understanding the role of self-compassion
10.1007/s12144-024-06249-1 · 2024 · External reference
The effect of self-esteem on mobile phone addiction among college students: Sequential mediating effects of online upward social comparison and social anxiety
10.2147/prbm.s508668 · 2025 · External reference
10.3390/bs15040507
10.3390/bs15040507 · External reference
Further discussion about nature of physical education
10.12973/ejmste/78187 · 2017 · External reference
Are self-esteem and academic achievement reciprocally related? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth
10.1111/jopy.12550 · 2020 · External reference
Associations between class-level factors and student physical activity during physical education lessons in China
10.1186/s12966-024-01703-6 · 2025 · External reference
Cognitive ability or motivation, or both: An integrative path analysis of the interplay between two key factors in academic achievement
10.1002/berj.4027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The bidirectional relationship between benign/malicious envy and subjective well-being in adolescents: The mediating effect of self-esteem
10.1002/jad.12368 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Adventure-based training to enhance resilience and reduce depressive symptoms among juveniles: A randomized controlled trial
10.1002/nur.22127 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Choice requires cognitive availability: Protective structure as an enabling condition for autonomy support in digitally distracted physical education classrooms
10.1002/pchj.70099 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit in higher online education: Consistency of interests predicts academic success
10.1007/s11218-022-09696-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Health risks of mobile phone addiction among college students in China
10.1007/s11469-021-00744-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Heterogeneity in mobile phone addiction among university freshmen and its relationship with psychological resilience: A person-centered approach
10.1007/s11469-024-01295-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Social media: A digital social mirror for identity development during adolescence
10.1007/s12144-024-05980-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Heterogeneous patterns of problematic smartphone use and depressive symptoms among college students: Understanding the role of self-compassion
10.1007/s12144-024-06249-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Can the affective response to exercise predict future motives and physical activity behavior? A systematic review of published evidence
10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of self-esteem on college students’ learning adaptation: A chain mediation analysis of self-efficacy and learning burnout
10.1007/s40299-024-00945-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exploring the sequential mediation model of coping humor, self-esteem, resilience, and subjective well-being among Taiwanese university students
10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104879 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of smartphone usage frequency on university students’ academic performance: A meta-analysis of moderating factors
10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105374 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining the interplay of physical literacy, learner engagement, and physical education satisfaction in fostering overall well-being
10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106582 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Social comparison orientation and fear of missing out as mediators between self-concept clarity and problematic smartphone use
10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Disconnected emotions, connected behaviors: Symptom network features of problematic mobile phone use across different alexithymia profiles
10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108537 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling
10.1016/j.ausmj.2017.02.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use
10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.079 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Problematic cell phone use, depression, anxiety, and self-regulation: Evidence from a three year longitudinal study from adolescence to emerging adulthood
10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effects of smartphone addiction on learning: A meta-analysis
10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100114 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Social media and self-esteem
10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101304 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
More minutes, fewer steps: Hourly associations between adolescent smartphone use and physical activity
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.12.251 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association between smartphone addiction and sedentary behaviour amongst children, adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.049 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relationship between mastery-approach goals and perseverance in senior high school students: The chain mediating role of self-esteem and positive rumination
10.1016/j.paid.2025.113307 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A psychosocial investigation of exercise preferences in real and virtual environments
10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102530 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of online interruptions on the quality of cognitive performance
10.1016/j.tele.2016.03.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach
10.1023/a:1015630930326 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being
10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies
10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Is high self-esteem beneficial? Revisiting a classic question
10.1037/amp0000922 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
On the factor structure of the Rosenberg (1965) general self-esteem scale
10.1037/pas0000073 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of depression and anxiety on mobile phone addiction and the mediating effect of self-esteem
10.1038/s41598-024-71947-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions
10.1080/08870446.2017.1325486 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Examining the concept of engagement in physical education
10.1080/17408989.2020.1861231 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Screen time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity changes and displacement in adolescence: A prospective cohort study
10.1080/17461391.2018.1548649 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Linking psychological attributes to addiction and improper use of the mobile phone among adolescents in Hong Kong
10.1080/17482790802078565 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Media multitasking predicts unitary versus splitting visual focal attention
10.1080/20445911.2013.835315 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration and their associations with physical, psychological, and educational outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review
10.1093/aje/kwac212 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The questionnaire method in systems research: An overview of sample sizes, response rates and statistical approaches utilized in survey studies
10.1108/vjikms-08-2020-0156 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Are self-esteem and academic achievement reciprocally related? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth
10.1111/jopy.12550 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Common method bias: It’s bad, it’s complex, it’s widespread, and it’s not easy to fix
10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Motivational orientation, boredom and fun in physical education: The mediation role of self-esteem and motor self-efficacy
10.1177/00315125241242147 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students
10.1177/0894439316660340 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The development of self-esteem
10.1177/0963721414547414 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: Bootstrapping with structural equation models
10.1177/1094428107300343 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport
10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1186/s12888-023-05384-6
10.1186/s12888-023-05384-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1186/s12889-024-21250-w
10.1186/s12889-024-21250-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1186/s12889-025-22720-5
10.1186/s12889-025-22720-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Associations between class-level factors and student physical activity during physical education lessons in China
10.1186/s12966-024-01703-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1186/s13102-025-01315-y
10.1186/s13102-025-01315-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Further discussion about nature of physical education
10.12973/ejmste/78187 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0337918
10.1371/journal.pone.0337918 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0338094
10.1371/journal.pone.0338094 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Sample size justification
10.1525/collabra.33267 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: A systematic review of mechanisms
10.1542/peds.2016-1642 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Media multitasking and cognitive, psychological, neural, and learning differences
10.1542/peds.2016-1758d · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Correlations between mobile phone addiction and anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and poor sleep quality among college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1556/2006.2020.00057 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students
10.1556/2006.4.2015.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The impact of smartphone addiction on Chinese university students’ physical activity: Exploring the role of motivation and self-efficacy
10.2147/prbm.s375395 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of self-esteem on mobile phone addiction among college students: Sequential mediating effects of online upward social comparison and social anxiety
10.2147/prbm.s508668 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effectiveness of digital health interventions in promoting physical activity among college students: Systematic review and meta-analysis
10.2196/51714 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relationship between sports learning engagement and intrinsic motivation of college students: A longitudinal study
10.25115/ejrep.v23i65.9919 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of psychological factors related with body image perception on resistance to physical activity amongst university students in southern Spain
10.32604/ijmhp.2025.066137 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software
10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03039
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03039 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137220
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137220 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1459362
10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1459362 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571559
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571559 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1592875
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1592875 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634387
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634387 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1640353
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1640353 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1643464
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1643464 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpubh.2016.00187
10.3389/fpubh.2016.00187 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1681504
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1681504 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fspor.2024.1460267
10.3389/fspor.2024.1460267 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/bs13040348
10.3390/bs13040348 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/bs15040507
10.3390/bs15040507 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/bs15101325
10.3390/bs15101325 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/ijerph18168291
10.3390/ijerph18168291 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relationship between physical activity and smartphone addiction in Chinese college students-a latent profile analysis
10.7717/peerj.20724 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A critical review on fundamental principle of physical education
10.9772/jpspe.37.1_1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
