Research graph
References from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity in Melanoma: Current Evidence and Practical Clinical Management. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Toxicity
10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30457-1 · 2018 · External reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxic Effects: International Cardio-Oncology Society Position Statement
10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.4543 · 2026 · External reference
Incidence and Risk Factors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocardial and Muscle Toxicity: A French Nationwide Study
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf682 · 2026 · External reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes in a Global Real-World Cohort
10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.11177 · 2025 · External reference
Cutaneous Melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up
10.1016/j.annonc.2024.11.006 · 2025 · External reference
Pembrolizumab versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy in Resected Stage IIB or IIC Melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): Distant Metastasis-Free Survival Results of a Multicentre, Double-Blind, Randomised, Phase 3 Trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00559-9 · 2022 · External reference
Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Stage IIB/C Melanoma: Primary Results from the Randomized, Phase 3 CheckMate 76K Trial
10.1038/s41591-023-02583-2 · 2023 · External reference
Adjuvant Pembrolizumab versus Placebo in Resected Stage III Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa1802357 · 2018 · External reference
Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III or IV Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa1709030 · 2017 · External reference
Neoadjuvant-Adjuvant or Adjuvant-Only Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2211437 · 2023 · External reference
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Resectable Stage III Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2402604 · 2024 · External reference
Final 10-Year Outcomes with Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2407417 · 2025 · External reference
Relatlimab and Nivolumab versus Nivolumab in Untreated Advanced Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2109970 · 2022 · External reference
Cardiovascular Toxicities Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Observational, Retrospective, Pharmacovigilance Study
10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30608-9 · 2018 · External reference
Systematic Analysis of Drug-Associated Myocarditis Reported in the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database
10.1038/s41467-021-27631-8 · 2022 · External reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis: Pathophysiological Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment
10.1161/jaha.119.013757 · 2020 · External reference
Myocarditis in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.037 · 2018 · External reference
Factors Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis
10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3113 · 2019 · External reference
The Evolving Immunotherapy Landscape and the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cardiotoxicity: JACC: CardioOncology Primer
10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.11.012 · 2021 · External reference
Cardiac Radiosensitivity in the Era of Thoracic Chemoradiotherapy and Immunotherapy: A Scoping Review
10.1016/s1470-2045(25)00651-5 · 2026 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006860
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006860 · External reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.3065 · 2024 · External reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: A Novel Risk Score
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf315 · 2026 · External reference
Immune Mechanisms of Viral, Autoimmune, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis
10.1111/imr.70111 · 2026 · External reference
Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade
10.1056/nejmoa1609214 · 2016 · External reference
T Cells Specific for α-Myosin Drive Immunotherapy-Related Myocarditis
10.1038/s41586-022-05432-3 · 2022 · External reference
Cardiac Myosin-Specific Autoimmune T Cells Contribute to Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111611 · 2022 · External reference
A Genetic Mouse Model Recapitulates Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis and Supports a Mechanism-Based Therapeutic Intervention
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0856 · 2021 · External reference
Expansion of Pathogenic Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
10.1161/circulationaha.122.062551 · 2024 · External reference
Identification of Pathogenic Immune Cell Subsets Associated with Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis
10.1161/circulationaha.121.056730 · 2022 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423622
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423622 · External reference
Impairment of the Programmed Cell Death-1 Pathway Increases Atherosclerotic Lesion Development and Inflammation
10.1161/atvbaha.111.224709 · 2011 · External reference
Accelerated Atherosclerosis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Studies
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119219 · 2025 · External reference
Association Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Cardiovascular Events and Atherosclerotic Plaque
10.1161/circulationaha.120.049981 · 2020 · External reference
2022 ESC Guidelines on Cardio-Oncology Developed in Collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehac244 · 2022 · External reference
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Targeted Oncology Therapies: Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase, Immune Checkpoint, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors: 2025 ACC Concise Clinical Guidance: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee
10.1016/j.jacc.2025.10.018 · 2026 · External reference
Cardiac Biomarkers in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
10.1093/oncolo/oyag079 · 2026 · External reference
Mediators and Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: Insights from Mouse and Human Studies
10.1111/imr.13240 · 2023 · External reference
Triple M Overlap Syndrome in the Intensive Care Unit: Differential Diagnosis and Management
10.1186/s13054-026-06106-6 · 2026 · External reference
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Nonischemic Myocardial Inflammation
10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.072 · 2018 · External reference
Cardio-Oncology Drug Interactions: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000001056 · 2022 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1752354
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1752354 · External reference
Immune Checkpoint Therapies and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications: JACC State-of-the-Art Review
10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.048 · 2022 · External reference
Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients with Cancer and Survivors: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association
2026 · External reference
10.1111/bph.70504
10.1111/bph.70504 · External reference
Factors Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis
10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3113 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.3065 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxic Effects: International Cardio-Oncology Society Position Statement
10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.4543 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cutaneous Melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up
10.1016/j.annonc.2024.11.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Accelerated Atherosclerosis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Studies
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119219 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cardiac Myosin-Specific Autoimmune T Cells Contribute to Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111611 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Myocarditis in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.037 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Nonischemic Myocardial Inflammation
10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.072 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Checkpoint Therapies and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications: JACC State-of-the-Art Review
10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.048 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Targeted Oncology Therapies: Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase, Immune Checkpoint, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors: 2025 ACC Concise Clinical Guidance: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee
10.1016/j.jacc.2025.10.018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Evolving Immunotherapy Landscape and the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cardiotoxicity: JACC: CardioOncology Primer
10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.11.012 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Toxicity
10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30457-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cardiovascular Toxicities Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Observational, Retrospective, Pharmacovigilance Study
10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30608-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pembrolizumab versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy in Resected Stage IIB or IIC Melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): Distant Metastasis-Free Survival Results of a Multicentre, Double-Blind, Randomised, Phase 3 Trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00559-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cardiac Radiosensitivity in the Era of Thoracic Chemoradiotherapy and Immunotherapy: A Scoping Review
10.1016/s1470-2045(25)00651-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Systematic Analysis of Drug-Associated Myocarditis Reported in the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database
10.1038/s41467-021-27631-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
T Cells Specific for α-Myosin Drive Immunotherapy-Related Myocarditis
10.1038/s41586-022-05432-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Stage IIB/C Melanoma: Primary Results from the Randomized, Phase 3 CheckMate 76K Trial
10.1038/s41591-023-02583-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade
10.1056/nejmoa1609214 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Ipilimumab in Resected Stage III or IV Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa1709030 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Adjuvant Pembrolizumab versus Placebo in Resected Stage III Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa1802357 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Relatlimab and Nivolumab versus Nivolumab in Untreated Advanced Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2109970 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neoadjuvant-Adjuvant or Adjuvant-Only Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2211437 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Resectable Stage III Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2402604 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Final 10-Year Outcomes with Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
10.1056/nejmoa2407417 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
2022 ESC Guidelines on Cardio-Oncology Developed in Collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehac244 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: A Novel Risk Score
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf315 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Incidence and Risk Factors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocardial and Muscle Toxicity: A French Nationwide Study
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf682 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cardiac Biomarkers in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
10.1093/oncolo/oyag079 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1111/bph.70504
10.1111/bph.70504 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mediators and Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: Insights from Mouse and Human Studies
10.1111/imr.13240 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Mechanisms of Viral, Autoimmune, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis
10.1111/imr.70111 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A Genetic Mouse Model Recapitulates Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis and Supports a Mechanism-Based Therapeutic Intervention
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0856 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impairment of the Programmed Cell Death-1 Pathway Increases Atherosclerotic Lesion Development and Inflammation
10.1161/atvbaha.111.224709 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cardio-Oncology Drug Interactions: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000001056 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Cardiovascular Events and Atherosclerotic Plaque
10.1161/circulationaha.120.049981 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Identification of Pathogenic Immune Cell Subsets Associated with Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis
10.1161/circulationaha.121.056730 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Expansion of Pathogenic Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
10.1161/circulationaha.122.062551 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis: Pathophysiological Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment
10.1161/jaha.119.013757 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Triple M Overlap Syndrome in the Intensive Care Unit: Differential Diagnosis and Management
10.1186/s13054-026-06106-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes in a Global Real-World Cohort
10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.11177 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006860
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006860 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423622
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423622 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1752354
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1752354 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
