Research graph
References from Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Molecular Residual Disease in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Biology, Assays, and the Path Toward MRD-Guided Care. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulating tumor DNA with broad patient coverage
10.1038/nm.3519 · 2014 · External reference
Integrated digital error suppression for improved detection of circulating tumor DNA
10.1038/nbt.3520 · 2016 · External reference
Early detection of molecular residual disease in localized lung cancer by circulating tumor DNA profiling
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0716 · 2017 · External reference
Molecular residual disease analysis of adjuvant osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1038/s41591-025-03577-y · 2025 · External reference
Consensus statement on ctDNA minimal residual disease testing in early stage NSCLC: A Delphi study by the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group
10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103696 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution
10.1038/nature22364 · 2017 · External reference
Perioperative dynamic changes in circulating tumor DNA in patients with lung cancer (DYNAMIC)
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1213 · 2019 · External reference
Perioperative ctDNA-based molecular residual disease detection for non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective multicenter cohort study (LUNGCA-1)
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3044 · 2022 · External reference
Residual ctDNA after treatment predicts early relapse in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.007 · 2022 · External reference
Longitudinal undetectable molecular residual disease defines potentially cured population in localized non-small cell lung cancer
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1486 · 2022 · External reference
Individualized tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA analysis for postoperative monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.010 · 2023 · External reference
Association of post-surgical MRD status with neoadjuvant ctDNA dynamics, genomic mutations, and clinical outcomes in patients with resectable NSCLC (R-NSCLC) from the phase 3 AEGEAN trial
10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.8009 · 2025 · External reference
Ultrasensitive ctDNA detection for preoperative disease stratification in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
10.1038/s41591-024-03216-y · 2025 · External reference
10.1016/j.jtho.2026.104090
10.1016/j.jtho.2026.104090 · External reference
Circulating tumour DNA-based molecular residual disease detection in resectable cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105109 · 2024 · External reference
Predictive effectiveness of circulating tumor DNA in recurrent early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: An updated meta-analysis
10.1200/po-25-00489 · 2025 · External reference
Mutation tracking in circulating tumor DNA predicts relapse in early breast cancer
2015 · External reference
Circulating tumor DNA analysis detects minimal residual disease and predicts recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6219 · 2016 · External reference
Tracking early lung cancer metastatic dissemination in TRACERx using ctDNA
10.1038/s41586-023-05776-4 · 2023 · External reference
The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx
10.1038/s41586-023-05783-5 · 2023 · External reference
The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx
10.1038/s41586-023-05729-x · 2023 · External reference
Circulating tumor DNA detection in lung cancer patients before and after surgery
10.1038/srep33519 · 2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Early assessment of circulating tumor DNA after curative-intent resection predicts tumor recurrence in early-stage and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1002/1878-0261.13116 · 2022 · External reference
Minimal residual disease detection using a plasma-only circulating tumor DNA assay in patients with colorectal cancer
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0410 · 2021 · External reference
Analysis of plasma cell-free DNA by ultradeep sequencing in patients with stages I to III colorectal cancer
10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0528 · 2019 · External reference
Enhanced detection of minimal residual disease by targeted sequencing of phased variants in circulating tumor DNA
10.1038/s41587-021-00981-w · 2021 · External reference
ctDNA monitoring using patient-specific sequencing and integration of variant reads
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8084 · 2020 · External reference
Genome-wide cell-free DNA mutational integration enables ultra-sensitive cancer monitoring
10.1038/s41591-020-0915-3 · 2020 · External reference
Detecting ultralow-frequency mutations by Duplex Sequencing
10.1038/nprot.2014.170 · 2014 · External reference
Detection of ultra-rare mutations by next-generation sequencing
10.1073/pnas.1208715109 · 2012 · External reference
Integrating genomic features for non-invasive early lung cancer detection
10.1038/s41586-020-2140-0 · 2020 · External reference
Genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentation in patients with cancer
10.1038/s41586-019-1272-6 · 2019 · External reference
Personalized detection of circulating tumor DNA antedates breast cancer metastatic recurrence
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3663 · 2019 · External reference
Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence
10.1056/nejmoa1409405 · 2014 · External reference
High-intensity sequencing reveals the sources of plasma circulating cell-free DNA variants
10.1038/s41591-019-0652-7 · 2019 · External reference
False-positive plasma genotyping due to clonal hematopoiesis
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0143 · 2018 · External reference
Circulating tumour DNA profiling reveals heterogeneity of EGFR inhibitor resistance mechanisms in lung cancer patients
10.1038/ncomms11815 · 2016 · External reference
Osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2027071 · 2020 · External reference
Overall survival with osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC
10.1056/nejmoa2304594 · 2023 · External reference
Alectinib in resected ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ALINA)
10.1056/nejmoa2310532 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
ALCHEMIST: Bringing genomic discovery and targeted therapies to early-stage lung cancer
10.1002/cpt.91 · 2015 · External reference
Adjuvant atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): A randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02098-5 · 2021 · External reference
Five-year survival outcomes with atezolizumab after chemotherapy in resected stage IB–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (IMpower010): An open-label, randomized, phase III trial
10.1200/jco-24-01681 · 2025 · External reference
Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy for completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091): An interim analysis of a randomised, triple-blind, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00518-6 · 2022 · External reference
Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy in resectable lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2202170 · 2022 · External reference
Overall survival with neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy in lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2502931 · 2025 · External reference
Perioperative pembrolizumab for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2302983 · 2023 · External reference
Perioperative durvalumab for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2304875 · 2023 · External reference
Perioperative nivolumab and chemotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2215530 · 2023 · External reference
210P Prognostic value of minimal residual disease in the NADIM II trial
10.1016/s1556-0864(25)00404-6 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2200075 · 2022 · External reference
ESMO recommendations on the use of circulating tumour DNA assays for patients with cancer: A report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group
10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.520 · 2022 · External reference
Circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists joint review
10.1200/jco.2017.76.8671 · 2018 · External reference
Liquid biopsy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A statement paper from the IASLC
10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.030 · 2018 · External reference
Liquid biopsy enters the clinic—Implementation issues and future challenges
10.1038/s41571-020-00457-x · 2021 · External reference
Analysis of plasma cell-free DNA by ultradeep sequencing in patients with stages I to III colorectal cancer
10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0528 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early assessment of circulating tumor DNA after curative-intent resection predicts tumor recurrence in early-stage and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1002/1878-0261.13116 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
ALCHEMIST: Bringing genomic discovery and targeted therapies to early-stage lung cancer
10.1002/cpt.91 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Residual ctDNA after treatment predicts early relapse in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
ESMO recommendations on the use of circulating tumour DNA assays for patients with cancer: A report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group
10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.520 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Individualized tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA analysis for postoperative monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Circulating tumour DNA-based molecular residual disease detection in resectable cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105109 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Liquid biopsy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A statement paper from the IASLC
10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.030 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Consensus statement on ctDNA minimal residual disease testing in early stage NSCLC: A Delphi study by the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group
10.1016/j.jtho.2026.103696 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.jtho.2026.104090
10.1016/j.jtho.2026.104090 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Adjuvant atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): A randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02098-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy for completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (PEARLS/KEYNOTE-091): An interim analysis of a randomised, triple-blind, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00518-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
210P Prognostic value of minimal residual disease in the NADIM II trial
10.1016/s1556-0864(25)00404-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution
10.1038/nature22364 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Integrated digital error suppression for improved detection of circulating tumor DNA
10.1038/nbt.3520 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Circulating tumour DNA profiling reveals heterogeneity of EGFR inhibitor resistance mechanisms in lung cancer patients
10.1038/ncomms11815 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulating tumor DNA with broad patient coverage
10.1038/nm.3519 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Detecting ultralow-frequency mutations by Duplex Sequencing
10.1038/nprot.2014.170 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Liquid biopsy enters the clinic—Implementation issues and future challenges
10.1038/s41571-020-00457-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentation in patients with cancer
10.1038/s41586-019-1272-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Integrating genomic features for non-invasive early lung cancer detection
10.1038/s41586-020-2140-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx
10.1038/s41586-023-05729-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tracking early lung cancer metastatic dissemination in TRACERx using ctDNA
10.1038/s41586-023-05776-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx
10.1038/s41586-023-05783-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhanced detection of minimal residual disease by targeted sequencing of phased variants in circulating tumor DNA
10.1038/s41587-021-00981-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
High-intensity sequencing reveals the sources of plasma circulating cell-free DNA variants
10.1038/s41591-019-0652-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Genome-wide cell-free DNA mutational integration enables ultra-sensitive cancer monitoring
10.1038/s41591-020-0915-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ultrasensitive ctDNA detection for preoperative disease stratification in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
10.1038/s41591-024-03216-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Molecular residual disease analysis of adjuvant osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1038/s41591-025-03577-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Circulating tumor DNA detection in lung cancer patients before and after surgery
10.1038/srep33519 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence
10.1056/nejmoa1409405 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2027071 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Circulating tumor DNA analysis guiding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2200075 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy in resectable lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2202170 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perioperative nivolumab and chemotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2215530 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perioperative pembrolizumab for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2302983 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Overall survival with osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC
10.1056/nejmoa2304594 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perioperative durvalumab for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2304875 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Alectinib in resected ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ALINA)
10.1056/nejmoa2310532 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Overall survival with neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy in lung cancer
10.1056/nejmoa2502931 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Detection of ultra-rare mutations by next-generation sequencing
10.1073/pnas.1208715109 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Circulating tumor DNA analysis detects minimal residual disease and predicts recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6219 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
ctDNA monitoring using patient-specific sequencing and integration of variant reads
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8084 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
False-positive plasma genotyping due to clonal hematopoiesis
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0143 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Personalized detection of circulating tumor DNA antedates breast cancer metastatic recurrence
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3663 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perioperative dynamic changes in circulating tumor DNA in patients with lung cancer (DYNAMIC)
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1213 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Minimal residual disease detection using a plasma-only circulating tumor DNA assay in patients with colorectal cancer
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0410 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Perioperative ctDNA-based molecular residual disease detection for non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective multicenter cohort study (LUNGCA-1)
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3044 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early detection of molecular residual disease in localized lung cancer by circulating tumor DNA profiling
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0716 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Longitudinal undetectable molecular residual disease defines potentially cured population in localized non-small cell lung cancer
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1486 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Five-year survival outcomes with atezolizumab after chemotherapy in resected stage IB–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (IMpower010): An open-label, randomized, phase III trial
10.1200/jco-24-01681 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists joint review
10.1200/jco.2017.76.8671 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association of post-surgical MRD status with neoadjuvant ctDNA dynamics, genomic mutations, and clinical outcomes in patients with resectable NSCLC (R-NSCLC) from the phase 3 AEGEAN trial
10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.8009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predictive effectiveness of circulating tumor DNA in recurrent early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: An updated meta-analysis
10.1200/po-25-00489 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
