Research graph
References from CAR-T Cell Therapy and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Current Limitations. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Multiple Sclerosis: 2024 Update
2025 · External reference
Defining the Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis
10.1212/wnl.46.4.907 · 1996 · External reference
Role of Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1080/14737175.2021.1978843 · 2021 · External reference
Epstein-Barr Virus as a Cause of Multiple Sclerosis: Opportunities for Prevention and Therapy
10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00471-9 · 2023 · External reference
Epstein–Barr Virus as a Leading Cause of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Implications
2023 · External reference
Elevated Genetic Risk for Multiple Sclerosis Emerged in Steppe Pastoralist Populations
10.1038/s41586-023-06618-z · 2024 · External reference
A Genetic Risk Variant for Multiple Sclerosis Severity Is Associated with Brain Atrophy
10.1002/ana.26807 · 2023 · External reference
10.3390/nu10091175
10.3390/nu10091175 · External reference
10.3390/ijms231911846
10.3390/ijms231911846 · External reference
Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.003 · 2018 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0065911
10.1371/journal.pone.0065911 · External reference
10.3390/ijerph13040379
10.3390/ijerph13040379 · External reference
Large-Scale Validation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Gene Regions
10.1101/gr.2421604 · 2004 · External reference
Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Intervention
10.1038/s41392-025-02415-4 · 2025 · External reference
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review
10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.049 · 2020 · External reference
CAR-T Cell–Mediated B-Cell Depletion in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity
10.1212/nxi.0000000000200080 · 2023 · External reference
Anti-CD19 CAR T Cells in CNS Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma
10.1056/nejmc1704610 · 2017 · External reference
CD19-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Two Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.002 · 2024 · External reference
Microbiota in Health and Diseases
10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4 · 2022 · External reference
Modulating Gut Microbiota: An Emerging Approach in the Prevention and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
10.2174/1570159x19666210217084827 · 2021 · External reference
10.3389/fneur.2022.824926
10.3389/fneur.2022.824926 · External reference
10.3390/biomedicines7010020
10.3390/biomedicines7010020 · External reference
The Potential Role for Ocrelizumab in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Prospects
10.1177/1756285615601933 · 2016 · External reference
Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa1606468 · 2017 · External reference
Ocrelizumab versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa1601277 · 2017 · External reference
Rituximab in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Results of a Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Multicenter Trial
10.1002/ana.21867 · 2009 · External reference
B-Cell Depletion with Rituximab in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa0706383 · 2008 · External reference
Ublituximab: First Approval
10.1007/s40265-023-01854-z · 2023 · External reference
A Phase 2 Multicenter Study of Ublituximab, a Novel Glycoengineered Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis
10.1177/1352458520918375 · 2021 · External reference
Ublituximab versus Teriflunomide in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa2201904 · 2022 · External reference
The Development of Ofatumumab, a Fully Human Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody for Practical Use in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treatment
10.1007/s40120-023-00518-0 · 2023 · External reference
Ofatumumab versus Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa1917246 · 2020 · External reference
Rapid and Sustained B-Cell Depletion with Subcutaneous Ofatumumab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: APLIOS, a Randomized Phase-2 Study
10.1177/13524585211044479 · 2022 · External reference
Effect of Ofatumumab versus Placebo in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Patients from Japan and Russia: Phase 2 APOLITOS Study
10.1177/13524585211055934 · 2022 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1515730
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1515730 · External reference
Pharmacological Properties, Toxicology and Scientific Rationale for the Use of Natalizumab (Tysabri®) in Inflammatory Diseases
10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00003.x · 2007 · External reference
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Natalizumab for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa044397 · 2006 · External reference
Prevention and Therapy of JC Polyomavirus-Mediated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy—A Realistic Possibility?
10.4414/smw.2017.14520 · 2017 · External reference
Clinical Adverse Effects of Natalizumab
10.1097/md.0000000000011507 · 2018 · External reference
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Complicating Treatment with Natalizumab and Interferon Beta-1a for Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa051782 · 2005 · External reference
Alemtuzumab versus Interferon Beta 1a as First-Line Treatment for Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomised Controlled Phase 3 Trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61769-3 · 2012 · External reference
Alemtuzumab in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Key Clinical Trial Results and Considerations for Use
10.1177/1756285614563522 · 2015 · External reference
Risk of Opportunistic Infections in Patients Treated with Alemtuzumab for Multiple Sclerosis
10.1080/14740338.2018.1483330 · 2018 · External reference
Alemtuzumab in the Long-Term Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Update on the Clinical Trial Evidence and Data from the Real World
10.1177/1756285617722706 · 2017 · External reference
Alemtuzumab Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy
10.1136/jnnp-2014-307721 · 2015 · External reference
Alemtuzumab CARE-MS II 5-Year Follow-Up
10.1212/wnl.0000000000004354 · 2017 · External reference
Vitiligo after Alemtuzumab Treatment
10.1212/wnl.0000000000006648 · 2018 · External reference
Acquired Hemophilia A and Other Autoimmune Diseases after Alemtuzumab Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: A Report of Two Cases
10.1016/j.msard.2020.102181 · 2020 · External reference
10.3389/fneur.2020.00996
10.3389/fneur.2020.00996 · External reference
Inhibition of CD40L with Frexalimab in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1056/nejmoa2309439 · 2024 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2022.956907
10.3389/fimmu.2022.956907 · External reference
Comparative Effectiveness of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant vs Fingolimod, Natalizumab, and Ocrelizumab in Highly Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1184 · 2023 · External reference
Effect of Rituximab on the Peripheral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid B Cells in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
10.1001/archneur.62.2.258 · 2005 · External reference
B Cell-Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells as an Emerging Therapy in Neuroimmunological Diseases
10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00140-6 · 2024 · External reference
Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy
10.1056/nejmra1706169 · 2018 · External reference
Adoptive Cell Transfer as Personalized Immunotherapy for Human Cancer
10.1126/science.aaa4967 · 2015 · External reference
Scarless Circular mRNA-Based CAR-T Cell Therapy Elicits Superior Antitumor Efficacy
10.1038/s41392-025-02512-4 · 2025 · External reference
Treatment of a Patient with Severe Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) Using CD19-Targeted CAR T Cells
10.1136/ard-2023-223952 · 2023 · External reference
CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Autoimmune Disease—A Case Series with Follow-Up
10.1056/nejmoa2308917 · 2024 · External reference
Anti-B-Cell CAR-T Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis Is Simply a More Profound Immunoablation? No
10.1177/13524585251364144 · 2025 · External reference
‘Anti-B Cell CAR-T Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis Is Simply a More Profound Immunoablation’: Yes
10.1177/13524585251364140 · 2025 · External reference
Cognate Interaction-Dependent Pathogenicity of Meningeal B Cells Drives Neuroinflammation Relapse
10.1016/j.immuni.2025.06.016 · 2025 · External reference
CD19-CAR T-Cell Therapy Induces Deep Tissue Depletion of B Cells
10.1136/ard-2024-226142 · 2025 · External reference
Anti-CD20 Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Future Perspectives
10.1007/s00415-021-10744-x · 2022 · External reference
10.3390/biomedicines14020296
10.3390/biomedicines14020296 · External reference
CAR T Cells in Autoimmunity: Game Changer or Stepping Stone?
10.1182/blood.2024025413 · 2025 · External reference
Broad Rim Lesions Are a New Pathological and Imaging Biomarker for Rapid Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1038/s41591-025-03625-7 · 2025 · External reference
In Vivo CAR T Cell Generation to Treat Cancer and Autoimmune Disease
10.1126/science.ads8473 · 2025 · External reference
CAR T Cells for Multiple Sclerosis: Engineering T Cells to Disrupt Chronic B Cell–Driven Neuroinflammation
10.1016/j.msard.2025.106812 · 2025 · External reference
Redefining Multiple Sclerosis with CAR-T Cell Therapy
10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.12.022 · 2026 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01751
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01751 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2021.707734
10.3389/fimmu.2021.707734 · External reference
CARs: A New Approach for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
10.1007/s11427-022-2212-5 · 2023 · External reference
10.3390/molecules28186438
10.3390/molecules28186438 · External reference
Noncanonical and Mortality-Defining Toxicities of CAR T Cell Therapy
10.1038/s41591-025-03813-5 · 2025 · External reference
Local Immune Effector Cell-Associated Toxicity Syndrome in CAR T-Cell Treated Patients with Autoimmune Disease: An Observational Study
10.1016/s2665-9913(25)00091-8 · 2025 · External reference
Late Complications and Long-Term Care of Adult CAR T-Cell Patients
10.1182/hematology.2024000534 · 2024 · External reference
A Comprehensive Repertoire of Prokaryotic Species Identified in Human Beings
10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00293-5 · 2015 · External reference
Diversity, Stability and Resilience of the Human Gut Microbiota
10.1038/nature11550 · 2012 · External reference
What Defines a Healthy Gut Microbiome?
10.1136/gutjnl-2024-333378 · 2024 · External reference
Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System
10.1126/science.1223490 · 2012 · External reference
10.3390/microorganisms13122803
10.3390/microorganisms13122803 · External reference
The Impact of Diet and Lifestyle on Gut Microbiota and Human Health
10.3390/nu7010017 · 2014 · External reference
Gut Microbiota and Obesity: Impact of Antibiotics and Prebiotics and Potential for Musculoskeletal Health
10.1016/j.jshs.2019.04.004 · 2020 · External reference
Multiple Sclerosis and Gut Microbiota: Lachnospiraceae from the Ileum of MS Twins Trigger MS-like Disease in Germfree Transgenic Mice—An Unbiased Functional Study
10.1073/pnas.2419689122 · 2025 · External reference
Alterations in Gut Microbiome-Host Relationships After Immune Perturbation in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
10.1212/nxi.0000000000200355 · 2025 · External reference
Gut Microbiome of Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Paired Household Healthy Controls Reveal Associations with Disease Risk and Course
10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.021 · 2022 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0137429
10.1371/journal.pone.0137429 · External reference
Treg Induction by a Rationally Selected Mixture of Clostridia Strains from the Human Microbiota
10.1038/nature12331 · 2013 · External reference
Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1038/ncomms12015 · 2016 · External reference
Multiple Sclerosis Patients Have a Distinct Gut Microbiota Compared to Healthy Controls
10.1038/srep28484 · 2016 · External reference
The Influence of Interferon β-1b on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
2021 · External reference
High Frequency of Intestinal T H 17 Cells Correlates with Microbiota Alterations and Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1126/sciadv.1700492 · 2017 · External reference
Gut Microbiome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
10.1002/ana.26084 · 2021 · External reference
Oral Administration of miR-30d from Feces of MS Patients Suppresses MS-like Symptoms in Mice by Expanding Akkermansia muciniphila
10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.008 · 2019 · External reference
10.3390/microorganisms12071476
10.3390/microorganisms12071476 · External reference
10.20944/preprints202501.1215.v1
10.20944/preprints202501.1215.v1 · External reference
Microbiota-Produced Immune Regulatory Bile Acid Metabolites Control Central Nervous System Autoimmunity
10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102028 · 2025 · External reference
10.1186/s12916-025-04041-x
10.1186/s12916-025-04041-x · External reference
Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Are Linked to Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102055 · 2025 · External reference
The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics Consensus Statement on the Scope and Appropriate Use of the Term Probiotic
10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66 · 2014 · External reference
Beneficial Effects on Host Energy Metabolism of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Vitamins Produced by Commensal and Probiotic Bacteria
10.1186/s12934-017-0691-z · 2017 · External reference
Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Probiotic Mixture Is Mediated by a Shift in T Helper Cell Immune Response
10.1016/j.clim.2013.01.001 · 2013 · External reference
Bifidobacterium Animalis in Combination with Human Origin of Lactobacillus Plantarum Ameliorate Neuroinflammation in Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Altering CD4+ T Cell Subset Balance
10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.117 · 2017 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00385
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00385 · External reference
Effects of Long-Term Administration of Multi-Strain Probiotic on Circulating Levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-6 and Mental Health in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
10.1080/1028415x.2020.1758887 · 2022 · External reference
A Novel Probiotic Strain Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Altering the Expression of Inflammasome and IDO Genes and Modulation of T Helper Cytokine Profile
10.1007/s11011-021-00857-7 · 2022 · External reference
10.3390/cells13060497
10.3390/cells13060497 · External reference
10.3389/fnut.2022.773298
10.3389/fnut.2022.773298 · External reference
10.3390/ijms241914925
10.3390/ijms241914925 · External reference
10.3389/fnins.2023.1241418
10.3389/fnins.2023.1241418 · External reference
Outer Membrane Vesicles of a Human Commensal Mediate Immune Regulation and Disease Protection
10.1016/j.chom.2012.08.004 · 2012 · External reference
Modulation of Serotonin Signaling/Metabolism by Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Extracellular Vesicles through the Gut-Brain Axis in Mice
10.1038/s41598-020-79171-8 · 2020 · External reference
The Immune-Enhancing Effects of Dietary Fibres and Prebiotics
10.1079/bjnbjn/2002541 · 2002 · External reference
10.3390/ijms25094834
10.3390/ijms25094834 · External reference
10.3390/nu9091021
10.3390/nu9091021 · External reference
Health Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics A Literature Review on Human Studies
10.3402/fnr.v45i0.1790 · 2001 · External reference
Prebiotics Enhance Survival and Prolong the Retention Period of Specific Probiotic Inocula in an in Vivo Murine Model
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03469.x · 2007 · External reference
Altered Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
10.1177/1352458516652498 · 2017 · External reference
Increased Intestinal Permeability in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis
10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100082 · 2021 · External reference
Nutrition Facts in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1177/1759091414568185 · 2015 · External reference
May Diet and Dietary Supplements Improve the Wellness of Multiple Sclerosis Patients? A Molecular Approach
2010 · External reference
The Molecular Basis of Nutritional Intervention in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review
10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.006 · 2011 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2021.661493
10.3389/fimmu.2021.661493 · External reference
The Intestinal Barrier in Disorders of the Central Nervous System
10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00241-2 · 2023 · External reference
The Effects of Different Dietary Fiber Pectin Structures on the Gastrointestinal Immune Barrier: Impact via Gut Microbiota and Direct Effects on Immune Cells
10.1038/s12276-020-0449-2 · 2020 · External reference
Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Vitamins D + A in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1007/s13311-017-0581-4 · 2018 · External reference
Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Influence of Immunomodulators
10.1097/jim.0000000000000192 · 2015 · External reference
Home-Based Exercise Training Influences Gut Bacterial Levels in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101463 · 2021 · External reference
Lifetime Physical Activity Is Associated with Gut Bacteria and Brain Health in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Physical Activity Intensity
10.1016/j.msard.2022.103639 · 2022 · External reference
Bile Acid Metabolites Predict Multiple Sclerosis Progression and Supplementation Is Safe in Progressive Disease
10.1016/j.medj.2024.09.011 · 2025 · External reference
10.3390/ijms25063198
10.3390/ijms25063198 · External reference
Regulation of Antibacterial Defense in the Small Intestine by the Nuclear Bile Acid Receptor
10.1073/pnas.0509592103 · 2006 · External reference
Pleiotropic Roles of Bile Acids in Metabolism
10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.013 · 2013 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1769792
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1769792 · External reference
10.3390/cells15010023
10.3390/cells15010023 · External reference
10.3389/fmed.2025.1607899
10.3389/fmed.2025.1607899 · External reference
Microbial Metabolites and Gut Immunology
10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-102035 · 2024 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0100883
10.1371/journal.pone.0100883 · External reference
Bile Acid Metabolism Is Altered in Multiple Sclerosis and Supplementation Ameliorates Neuroinflammation
10.1172/jci129401 · 2020 · External reference
Obeticholic Acid, a Synthetic Bile Acid Agonist of the Farnesoid X Receptor, Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
10.1073/pnas.1524890113 · 2016 · External reference
Microbial Regulation of Host Physiology by Short-Chain Fatty Acids
10.1016/j.tim.2021.02.001 · 2021 · External reference
Phylogenetic Distribution of Three Pathways for Propionate Production within the Human Gut Microbiota
10.1038/ismej.2014.14 · 2014 · External reference
Formation of Propionate and Butyrate by the Human Colonic Microbiota
10.1111/1462-2920.13589 · 2017 · External reference
Targeting the Gut to Treat Multiple Sclerosis
10.1172/jci143774 · 2021 · External reference
Host Microbiota Constantly Control Maturation and Function of Microglia in the CNS
10.1038/nn.4030 · 2015 · External reference
Propionic Acid Shapes the Multiple Sclerosis Disease Course by an Immunomodulatory Mechanism
10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.035 · 2020 · External reference
N-Acetylglucosamine Inhibits Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Markers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Mechanistic Trial
10.1186/s12974-023-02893-9 · 2023 · External reference
Modulation of Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Pathogenesis by the Gut Microbiota: Complex Interactions between Host Genetics, Bacterial Metabolism, and Diet
10.1111/imr.13343 · 2024 · External reference
Therapeutic Faecal Microbiota Transplantation
10.1097/mog.0000000000000027 · 2014 · External reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
10.1002/ccr3.3677 · 2021 · External reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: What We Learnt from the Explorative Clinical Trial
10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103058 · 2023 · External reference
The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in Treating Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
10.1080/14737175.2023.2250919 · 2023 · External reference
Protection of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
10.1155/2020/2058272 · 2020 · External reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Safe and Tolerable in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
2022 · External reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplants for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment: Synthetic- and Engineered Communities-Based Microbiota Transplants Are the Future
10.1155/2022/9999925 · 2022 · External reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Emerging Applications in Autoimmune Diseases
10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103038 · 2023 · External reference
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1703146
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1703146 · External reference
Gut Microbiome Correlates of Response and Toxicity Following Anti-CD19 CAR T Cell Therapy
10.1038/s41591-022-01702-9 · 2022 · External reference
CAR-T Cell Therapy-Related Cytokine Release Syndrome and Therapeutic Response Is Modulated by the Gut Microbiome in Hematologic Malignancies
10.1038/s41467-022-32960-3 · 2022 · External reference
A Non-Antibiotic-Disrupted Gut Microbiome Is Associated with Clinical Responses to CD19-CAR-T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy
10.1038/s41591-023-02234-6 · 2023 · External reference
Effect of Rituximab on the Peripheral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid B Cells in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
10.1001/archneur.62.2.258 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comparative Effectiveness of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant vs Fingolimod, Natalizumab, and Ocrelizumab in Highly Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1184 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rituximab in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Results of a Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Multicenter Trial
10.1002/ana.21867 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut Microbiome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
10.1002/ana.26084 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A Genetic Risk Variant for Multiple Sclerosis Severity Is Associated with Brain Atrophy
10.1002/ana.26807 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report
10.1002/ccr3.3677 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Anti-CD20 Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Future Perspectives
10.1007/s00415-021-10744-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A Novel Probiotic Strain Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Altering the Expression of Inflammasome and IDO Genes and Modulation of T Helper Cytokine Profile
10.1007/s11011-021-00857-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CARs: A New Approach for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
10.1007/s11427-022-2212-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Vitamins D + A in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1007/s13311-017-0581-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Development of Ofatumumab, a Fully Human Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody for Practical Use in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treatment
10.1007/s40120-023-00518-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ublituximab: First Approval
10.1007/s40265-023-01854-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review
10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.049 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Bifidobacterium Animalis in Combination with Human Origin of Lactobacillus Plantarum Ameliorate Neuroinflammation in Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Altering CD4+ T Cell Subset Balance
10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.117 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Propionic Acid Shapes the Multiple Sclerosis Disease Course by an Immunomodulatory Mechanism
10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.035 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut Microbiome of Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Paired Household Healthy Controls Reveal Associations with Disease Risk and Course
10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Outer Membrane Vesicles of a Human Commensal Mediate Immune Regulation and Disease Protection
10.1016/j.chom.2012.08.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Oral Administration of miR-30d from Feces of MS Patients Suppresses MS-like Symptoms in Mice by Expanding Akkermansia muciniphila
10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Probiotic Mixture Is Mediated by a Shift in T Helper Cell Immune Response
10.1016/j.clim.2013.01.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pleiotropic Roles of Bile Acids in Metabolism
10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Home-Based Exercise Training Influences Gut Bacterial Levels in Multiple Sclerosis
10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101463 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Molecular Basis of Nutritional Intervention in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review
10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.006 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cognate Interaction-Dependent Pathogenicity of Meningeal B Cells Drives Neuroinflammation Relapse
10.1016/j.immuni.2025.06.016 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Emerging Applications in Autoimmune Diseases
10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103038 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: What We Learnt from the Explorative Clinical Trial
10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103058 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut Microbiota and Obesity: Impact of Antibiotics and Prebiotics and Potential for Musculoskeletal Health
10.1016/j.jshs.2019.04.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Increased Intestinal Permeability in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis
10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100082 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CD19-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Two Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Bile Acid Metabolites Predict Multiple Sclerosis Progression and Supplementation Is Safe in Progressive Disease
10.1016/j.medj.2024.09.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Acquired Hemophilia A and Other Autoimmune Diseases after Alemtuzumab Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: A Report of Two Cases
10.1016/j.msard.2020.102181 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Lifetime Physical Activity Is Associated with Gut Bacteria and Brain Health in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Physical Activity Intensity
10.1016/j.msard.2022.103639 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CAR T Cells for Multiple Sclerosis: Engineering T Cells to Disrupt Chronic B Cell–Driven Neuroinflammation
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