Research graph
References from Multi-Sensor Correlation of Torch Orientation and Energy Distribution for Tailored Process Manipulation in Arc-Based Directed Energy Deposition. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The Path from Arc Welding to Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material Parts Using Directed Energy Deposition
10.1007/s00501-022-01241-3 · 2022 · External reference
10.3390/app11188619
10.3390/app11188619 · External reference
Comprehensive review of wire arc additive manufacturing: Hardware system, physical process, monitoring, property characterization, application and future prospects
10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330 · 2022 · External reference
10.3390/mi16070749
10.3390/mi16070749 · External reference
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM): A comprehensive review of process, materials, modelling, artificial intelligence, and industrial applications
10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.186347 · 2026 · External reference
A state of the art review of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)-part2: Process improvements and industrial applications
10.1007/s00170-026-17691-9 · 2026 · External reference
Effects of welding current and torch position parameters on minimizing the weld porosity of zinc-coated steel
10.1007/s00170-017-1180-6 · 2018 · External reference
Effects of welding current and torch position parameters on bead geometry in cold metal transfer welding
10.1007/s12206-018-0831-3 · 2018 · External reference
Studies on influence of torch orientation on microstructure, mechanical properties and formability of AA5052 CMT welded blanks
10.1007/s43452-020-00021-5 · 2020 · External reference
Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100590 · 2020 · External reference
Three-dimensional metal printing of inclined walls and conic geometries through a WAAM system with optimized mobility and torch control: Metallographic and mechanical characterization
10.1007/s00170-025-15525-8 · 2025 · External reference
Enhancing deposition quality in robotic WAAM of aluminium alloy: The role of deposition angle
10.1007/s40964-025-01214-1 · 2025 · External reference
10.3390/ma17153771
10.3390/ma17153771 · External reference
Effect of the substrate inclination angle on 316L stainless steel fabricated by hollow-laser direct energy deposition
10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.12.027 · 2025 · External reference
10.3390/ma13112491
10.3390/ma13112491 · External reference
A state-of-the-art digital factory integrating digital twin for laser additive and subtractive manufacturing processes
10.1108/rpj-03-2023-0113 · 2023 · External reference
A review of machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods in additive manufacturing (3D Printing)
10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.110294 · 2024 · External reference
A review on wire arc additive manufacturing: Monitoring, control and a framework of automated system
10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.08.008 · 2020 · External reference
Machine learning in directed energy deposition: A systematic literature review
10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.07.081 · 2026 · External reference
Thermal management approaches for arc additive manufacturing: A comprehensive review over a decade of developments and applications
10.1007/s00170-024-14791-2 · 2025 · External reference
Influence of the process parameters involved in WAAM on the quality of single-bead deposited layers of low-carbon steel
10.1007/s00170-026-18642-0 · 2026 · External reference
Effect of wire feed rate on ER70S-6 microstructure of wire arc additive manufacturing process
10.1007/s00170-025-15334-z · 2025 · External reference
Robot Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing System with Context-Sensitive Multivariate Monitoring Framework
10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.103 · 2020 · External reference
Extending wire-arc directed energy deposition using non-gravity aligned (NGA) torch methods
10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.07.062 · 2025 · External reference
A nature-inspired build strategy for consistently fabricating intricate objects by wire-arc-based directed energy deposition
10.1007/s40964-024-00909-1 · 2025 · External reference
Automatic multi-direction slicing algorithms for wire based additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.rcim.2015.09.002 · 2016 · External reference
Data Acquisition Framework for spatio-temporal analysis of path-based welding applications
10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.295 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Effect of substrate preheating and in situ cooling on dimensional accuracy, microstructure, and hardness of wire-arc directed energy deposition components
10.1007/s40194-025-02104-4 · 2025 · External reference
10.3390/jmmp10040144
10.3390/jmmp10040144 · External reference
Humping mechanisms present in high speed welding
10.1179/174329306x120787 · 2006 · External reference
Investigation of humping phenomenon for the multi-directional robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101916 · 2020 · External reference
Development and evaluation of an advanced wire-arc directed energy deposition process with integrated temperature control and in-situ heat treatment
10.1007/s40964-025-01469-8 · 2026 · External reference
CMT deposition of stainless steel: Effects of process parameters on energy demand and microstructure
10.1007/s40964-025-01022-7 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of depositing torch angle on the first layer of wire arc additive manufacture using cold metal transfer (CMT)
10.1108/ir-11-2018-0233 · 2019 · External reference
Novel control model of Contact-Tip-to-Work Distance (CTWD) for sound monitoring of arc-based DED processes based on spectral analysis
10.1007/s00170-021-07621-2 · 2021 · External reference
Detection of the contact tube to working distance in wire and arc additive manufacturing
10.1007/s00170-022-08805-0 · 2022 · External reference
Fabrication of geometrical features using wire and arc additive manufacture
10.1177/0954405412437126 · 2012 · External reference
Measuring the process efficiency of controlled gas metal arc welding processes
10.1179/1362171810y.0000000029 · 2011 · External reference
Refinement of Ti-6Al-4V prior-β grain structure in the as-deposited condition via process control during wire-direct energy deposition
2023 · External reference
Development of optimal deposition strategies for cladding of Inconel 625 on carbon steel using wire arc additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.129128 · 2023 · External reference
10.3390/ma19020353
10.3390/ma19020353 · External reference
Feasibility study of acoustic signals for on-line monitoring in short circuit gas metal arc welding
10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2003.10.016 · 2004 · External reference
Acoustic emissions in directed energy deposition processes
10.1007/s00170-021-08598-8 · 2022 · External reference
Thermal Behavior in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Characteristics, Effects and Control
2019 · External reference
Revealing the mechanism of cold metal transfer
10.1038/s44172-025-00378-6 · 2025 · External reference
A novel cold wire gas metal arc (CW-GMA) process for high productivity additive manufacturing
2023 · External reference
An in-situ substrate heating strategy for residual stress reduction and mechanical property enhancement in wire-arc additive manufactured Nickel Aluminium Bronze (NAB) alloy
10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.103255 · 2026 · External reference
Influence of interlayer cooling strategies and contact tip to work distance on layer geometry, microstructure, hardness, and corrosion properties of WAAM ER70S-6 steel
10.1007/s40194-026-02385-3 · 2026 · External reference
The influence of GMAW correction parameters on stabilizing the deposition characteristics for wire arc additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.01.075 · 2023 · External reference
10.3390/ma13112652
10.3390/ma13112652 · External reference
Fluctuation effects in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of aluminium analysed by high-speed imaging
10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.030 · 2020 · External reference
Effects of wire feeding direction on the deposition characteristics of 316L stainless steel in laser-directed energy deposition
2025 · External reference
Additive manufacturing of metallic components—Process, structure and properties
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001 · 2018 · External reference
Effect of thermal history on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in wire arc additive manufacturing of HSLA steel functionally graded components
10.1016/j.msea.2022.143569 · 2022 · External reference
Location-related thermal history, microstructure, and mechanical properties of arc additively manufactured 2Cr13 steel using cold metal transfer welding
10.1016/j.msea.2017.12.076 · 2018 · External reference
New Stability Index for Short Circuit Transfer Mode in GMAW Process using Acoustic Emission Signals
10.1179/174329307x213882 · 2007 · External reference
Geometrical Feature Classification in Electrical Discharge Machining Using In-Process Monitoring and Machine Learning
10.1016/j.procir.2025.07.010 · 2025 · External reference
A synergistic framework combining explainable AI and multiphysical simulation for uncovering process–structure relationships in mask electrolyte jet machining
10.1016/j.aei.2026.105089 · 2026 · External reference
Effects of welding current and torch position parameters on minimizing the weld porosity of zinc-coated steel
10.1007/s00170-017-1180-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Novel control model of Contact-Tip-to-Work Distance (CTWD) for sound monitoring of arc-based DED processes based on spectral analysis
10.1007/s00170-021-07621-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Acoustic emissions in directed energy deposition processes
10.1007/s00170-021-08598-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Detection of the contact tube to working distance in wire and arc additive manufacturing
10.1007/s00170-022-08805-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thermal management approaches for arc additive manufacturing: A comprehensive review over a decade of developments and applications
10.1007/s00170-024-14791-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of wire feed rate on ER70S-6 microstructure of wire arc additive manufacturing process
10.1007/s00170-025-15334-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Three-dimensional metal printing of inclined walls and conic geometries through a WAAM system with optimized mobility and torch control: Metallographic and mechanical characterization
10.1007/s00170-025-15525-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A state of the art review of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)-part2: Process improvements and industrial applications
10.1007/s00170-026-17691-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of the process parameters involved in WAAM on the quality of single-bead deposited layers of low-carbon steel
10.1007/s00170-026-18642-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Path from Arc Welding to Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material Parts Using Directed Energy Deposition
10.1007/s00501-022-01241-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of welding current and torch position parameters on bead geometry in cold metal transfer welding
10.1007/s12206-018-0831-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of substrate preheating and in situ cooling on dimensional accuracy, microstructure, and hardness of wire-arc directed energy deposition components
10.1007/s40194-025-02104-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of interlayer cooling strategies and contact tip to work distance on layer geometry, microstructure, hardness, and corrosion properties of WAAM ER70S-6 steel
10.1007/s40194-026-02385-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A nature-inspired build strategy for consistently fabricating intricate objects by wire-arc-based directed energy deposition
10.1007/s40964-024-00909-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CMT deposition of stainless steel: Effects of process parameters on energy demand and microstructure
10.1007/s40964-025-01022-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhancing deposition quality in robotic WAAM of aluminium alloy: The role of deposition angle
10.1007/s40964-025-01214-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development and evaluation of an advanced wire-arc directed energy deposition process with integrated temperature control and in-situ heat treatment
10.1007/s40964-025-01469-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Studies on influence of torch orientation on microstructure, mechanical properties and formability of AA5052 CMT welded blanks
10.1007/s43452-020-00021-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A synergistic framework combining explainable AI and multiphysical simulation for uncovering process–structure relationships in mask electrolyte jet machining
10.1016/j.aei.2026.105089 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Feasibility study of acoustic signals for on-line monitoring in short circuit gas metal arc welding
10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2003.10.016 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM): A comprehensive review of process, materials, modelling, artificial intelligence, and industrial applications
10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.186347 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fluctuation effects in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of aluminium analysed by high-speed imaging
10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.030 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The influence of GMAW correction parameters on stabilizing the deposition characteristics for wire arc additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.01.075 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of the substrate inclination angle on 316L stainless steel fabricated by hollow-laser direct energy deposition
10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.12.027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Extending wire-arc directed energy deposition using non-gravity aligned (NGA) torch methods
10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.07.062 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Machine learning in directed energy deposition: A systematic literature review
10.1016/j.jmapro.2026.07.081 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review on wire arc additive manufacturing: Monitoring, control and a framework of automated system
10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.08.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Location-related thermal history, microstructure, and mechanical properties of arc additively manufactured 2Cr13 steel using cold metal transfer welding
10.1016/j.msea.2017.12.076 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of thermal history on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in wire arc additive manufacturing of HSLA steel functionally graded components
10.1016/j.msea.2022.143569 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A review of machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods in additive manufacturing (3D Printing)
10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.110294 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An in-situ substrate heating strategy for residual stress reduction and mechanical property enhancement in wire-arc additive manufactured Nickel Aluminium Bronze (NAB) alloy
10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.103255 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Additive manufacturing of metallic components—Process, structure and properties
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100590 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Data Acquisition Framework for spatio-temporal analysis of path-based welding applications
10.1016/j.procir.2024.10.295 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Geometrical Feature Classification in Electrical Discharge Machining Using In-Process Monitoring and Machine Learning
10.1016/j.procir.2025.07.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Robot Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing System with Context-Sensitive Multivariate Monitoring Framework
10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.103 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Automatic multi-direction slicing algorithms for wire based additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.rcim.2015.09.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Investigation of humping phenomenon for the multi-directional robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101916 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Comprehensive review of wire arc additive manufacturing: Hardware system, physical process, monitoring, property characterization, application and future prospects
10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of optimal deposition strategies for cladding of Inconel 625 on carbon steel using wire arc additive manufacturing
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.129128 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Revealing the mechanism of cold metal transfer
10.1038/s44172-025-00378-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of depositing torch angle on the first layer of wire arc additive manufacture using cold metal transfer (CMT)
10.1108/ir-11-2018-0233 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A state-of-the-art digital factory integrating digital twin for laser additive and subtractive manufacturing processes
10.1108/rpj-03-2023-0113 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Fabrication of geometrical features using wire and arc additive manufacture
10.1177/0954405412437126 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Measuring the process efficiency of controlled gas metal arc welding processes
10.1179/1362171810y.0000000029 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Humping mechanisms present in high speed welding
10.1179/174329306x120787 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
New Stability Index for Short Circuit Transfer Mode in GMAW Process using Acoustic Emission Signals
10.1179/174329307x213882 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/app11188619
10.3390/app11188619 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/jmmp10040144
10.3390/jmmp10040144 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/ma13112491
10.3390/ma13112491 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/ma13112652
10.3390/ma13112652 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/ma17153771
10.3390/ma17153771 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/ma19020353
10.3390/ma19020353 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.3390/mi16070749
10.3390/mi16070749 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
