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References from Gastrointestinal complications in critical care patients and effects of mechanical ventilation on the gastrointestinal tract. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Gastrointestinal motility problems in critical care: a clinical perspective
10.1111/1751-2980.12147 · 2014 · External reference
Severity of acute gastrointestinal injury grade is a predictor of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients: a multicenter, prospective, observational study
10.1186/s13054-017-1780-4 · 2017 · External reference
10.1136/bmj.l6722
10.1136/bmj.l6722 · External reference
The gut as the motor of multiple organ dysfunction in critical illness
10.1016/j.ccc.2015.11.004 · 2016 · External reference
Physiological studies of the effects of intermittent positive pressure breathing on cardiac output in man
10.1152/ajplegacy.1947.152.1.162 · 1948 · External reference
Influence of positive end-expiratory pressure on left ventricular performance
10.1056/nejm198102123040703 · 1981 · External reference
Clinical review: Positive end-expiratory pressure and cardiac output
10.1186/cc3877 · 2005 · External reference
GI complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
10.1378/chest.119.4.1222 · 2001 · External reference
Alterations in regional blood flow during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation
10.1097/00003246-198702000-00005 · 1987 · External reference
The effect of PEEP ventilation on hemodynamics and regional blood flow with special regard to coronary blood flow
10.1055/s-2007-1022063 · 1980 · External reference
The influence of PEEP ventilation on organ blood flow and peripheral oxygen delivery
10.1007/bf01694870 · 1982 · External reference
The effect of low dose dopamine on gut hemodynamics during PEEP ventilation for acute lung injury
10.1016/0022-4804(91)90201-v · 1991 · External reference
Hyperdynamic sepsis modifies a PEEP-mediated redistribution in organ blood flows
10.1164/ajrccm/141.5_pt_1.1198 · 1990 · External reference
Relation of portal hemodynamics to cardiac output during mechanical ventilation with PEEP
10.1097/00000658-198308000-00018 · 1983 · External reference
Effects of continuous positive-pressure ventilation on hepatic blood flow and intrahepatic oxygen delivery in dogs
10.1097/00003246-198711000-00010 · 1987 · External reference
Positive end-expiratory pressure decreases mesenteric blood flow despite normalization of cardiac output
10.1097/00005373-199508000-00003 · 1995 · External reference
Portal blood flow in man during graded positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation
10.1007/bf00254516 · 1986 · External reference
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on hepatic blood flow and performance
10.1152/jappl.1987.62.4.1377 · 1987 · External reference
Sympathetic nerve activity and central haemodynamics during mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure in rats
10.1111/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07875.x · 1986 · External reference
Positive end-expiratory pressure increases plasma catecholamine levels in non-volume loaded dogs
10.1177/0310057x8601400416 · 1986 · External reference
Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
10.1001/jama.282.1.54 · 1999 · External reference
Dopexamine prevents depression of mesenteric blood flow caused by positive end-expiratory pressure in rats
10.1016/s0039-6060(96)80005-5 · 1996 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on the splanchnic circulation
10.1007/s001340051168 · 2000 · External reference
Splanchnic circulation and regional sympathetic outflow during peroperative PEEP ventilation in humans
10.1093/bja/82.6.838 · 1999 · External reference
Regulation of hepatic blood flow: the hepatic arterial buffer response revisited
10.3748/wjg.v16.i48.6046 · 2010 · External reference
Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on splanchnic perfusion in acute lung injury
10.1007/s001340051170 · 2000 · External reference
Changes of splanchnic perfusion after applying positive end expiratory pressure in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
10.4103/0972-5229.53109 · 2009 · External reference
Effects of tidal volume reduction in acute respiratory distress syndrome on gastric mucosal perfusion
10.1007/s001340100931 · 2001 · External reference
Oxygenation of the intestinal mucosa in anaesthetized dogs is attenuated by intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
10.1007/978-1-4615-5399-1_55 · 1997 · External reference
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation on splanchnic oxygenation in humans
10.1016/s1053-0770(96)80136-4 · 1996 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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PEEP and hepatic metabolic performance in septic shock
10.1007/bf01709351 · 1996 · External reference
10.1007/s00134-020-06310-0
10.1007/s00134-020-06310-0 · External reference
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Long-term effects of spontaneous breathing during ventilatory support in patients with acute lung injury
10.1164/ajrccm.164.1.2001078 · 2001 · External reference
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A clinician's guide to management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill patients
10.1186/s13054-020-2782-1 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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PEEP titration: the effect of prone position and abdominal pressure in an ARDS model
10.1186/s40635-018-0170-9 · 2018 · External reference
Prone positioning, systemic hemodynamics, hepatic indocyanine green kinetics, and gastric intramucosal energy balance in patients with acute lung injury
10.1007/s00134-001-1166-5 · 2002 · External reference
10.1097/00000539-200105000-00027
10.1097/00000539-200105000-00027 · External reference
Effect of prone position on hepato-splanchnic hemodynamics in acute lung injury
10.1007/s00134-002-1524-y · 2002 · External reference
Influence of prone position on gastric mucosal-arterial PCO2 gradients
10.1007/s001340100999 · 2001 · External reference
Intra-abdominal pressure in severe acute pancreatitis
10.1186/1749-7922-2-2 · 2007 · External reference
A systematic review on intra-abdominal pressure in severely burned patients
10.1016/j.burns.2013.07.001 · 2014 · External reference
Study of the occurrence of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients of blunt abdominal trauma and its correlation with the clinical outcome in the above patients
10.1186/s13017-016-0066-5 · 2016 · External reference
Effect of a Protective-Ventilation Strategy on Mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
10.1056/nejm199802053380602 · 1998 · External reference
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Temporal hemodynamic effects of permissive hypercapnia associated with ideal PEEP in ARDS
10.1164/ajrccm.156.5.9604081 · 1997 · External reference
Correction of blood pH attenuates changes in hemodynamics and organ blood flow during permissive hypercapnia
10.1097/00003246-199605000-00017 · 1996 · External reference
Effect of an acute increase in PCO2 on splanchnic perfusion and metabolism
10.1007/s001340100898 · 2001 · External reference
Effect of acute moderate changes in PaCO2 on global hemodynamics and gastric perfusion
10.1097/00003246-200002000-00012 · 2000 · External reference
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Effects of hypocapnia and hypercapnia on splanchnic circulation and hepatic function in the beagle
10.1213/00000539-198908000-00002 · 1989 · External reference
Effect of chronic hypercapnia on gastric secretion in the dog
10.1097/00000658-196702000-00013 · 1967 · External reference
Permissive hypercapnia
10.1164/ajrccm.150.6.7952641 · 1994 · External reference
The lung and carbon dioxide: implications for permissive and therapeutic hypercapnia
10.1183/09031936.02.00400802 · 2002 · External reference
Protection by acidotic pH against anoxic cell killing in perfused rat liver: evidence for a pH paradox
10.1096/fasebj.5.2.2004664 · 1991 · External reference
Reperfusion injury to endothelial cells after cold storage of rat livers: protection by mildly acidic pH and lack of protection by antioxidants
10.1111/j.1432-2277.1995.tb01480.x · 1995 · External reference
Effects of permissive hypercapnia on laparoscopic surgery for rectal carcinoma
10.1155/2019/3903451 · 2019 · External reference
Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients
10.1053/j.gastro.2004.12.034 · 2005 · External reference
Gastroesophageal reflux in critically ill patients
10.1097/dcc.0b013e318280836b · 2013 · External reference
Inadequate salivary flow and poor oral mucosal status in intubated intensive care unit patients
10.1097/01.ccm.0000053646.04085.29 · 2003 · External reference
10.1177/014860710202600613
10.1177/014860710202600613 · External reference
Effect of postpyloric feeding on gastroesophageal regurgitation and pulmonary microaspiration: results of a randomized controlled trial
10.1097/00003246-200108000-00001 · 2001 · External reference
Effect of gastric versus post-pyloric feeding on the incidence of pneumonia in critically ill patients: observations from traditional and Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis
10.1016/j.clnu.2012.07.002 · 2013 · External reference
10.1186/cc12806
10.1186/cc12806 · External reference
A comparison of early gastric and post-pyloric feeding in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis
10.1007/s00134-006-0128-3 · 2006 · External reference
10.1186/cc2190
10.1186/cc2190 · External reference
Gastroparesis: New insights into an old disease
10.3748/wjg.v26.i19.2333 · 2020 · External reference
Delayed gastric emptying in ventilated critically ill patients: measurement by 13 C-octanoic acid breath test
10.1097/00003246-200109000-00015 · 2001 · External reference
Intrasubject variability of gastric emptying in the critically ill using a stable isotope breath test
10.1016/j.clnu.2010.03.007 · 2010 · External reference
Measurement of gastric emptying rate of solids by means of a carbon-labeled octanoic acid breath test
10.1016/0016-5085(93)90640-x · 1993 · External reference
Gastroparesis: a review of current and emerging treatment options
10.2147/ceg.s50236 · 2013 · External reference
Managing gastric residual volumes in the critically ill patient: an update
10.1097/mco.0b013e328341ede7 · 2011 · External reference
10.1186/cc5685
10.1186/cc5685 · External reference
Gastric feed intolerance is not increased in critically ill patients with type II diabetes mellitus
10.1007/s00134-007-0777-x · 2007 · External reference
Antro-pyloro-duodenal motor responses to gastric and duodenal nutrient in critically ill patients
10.1136/gut.2005.065672 · 2005 · External reference
Gastroparesis: a turning point in understanding and treatment
10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318712 · 2019 · External reference
10.1016/s1441-2772(23)01538-7
10.1016/s1441-2772(23)01538-7 · External reference
Clinical guideline: management of gastroparesis
10.1038/ajg.2012.373 · 2013 · External reference
Ileus in the critically ill: causes, treatment and prevention
10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14778-3 · 2020 · External reference
Gastrointestinal failure in intensive care: a retrospective clinical study in three different intensive care units in Germany and Estonia
10.1186/1471-230x-6-19 · 2006 · External reference
Ileus in critical illness: mechanisms and management
10.1097/00075198-200204000-00011 · 2002 · External reference
10.1007/s11894-011-0206-8
10.1007/s11894-011-0206-8 · External reference
Pathophysiology of adynamic ileus
10.1023/a:1018847626936 · 1997 · External reference
Diarrhea associated with tube feeding in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
10.1097/00006199-199005000-00005 · 1990 · External reference
10.1097/01.ccm.0000287526.08794.29
10.1097/01.ccm.0000287526.08794.29 · External reference
Large-intestine colic due to sympathetic deprivation; a new clinical syndrome
10.1136/bmj.2.4579.671 · 1948 · External reference
Advances and challenges in the management of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ogilvie syndrome)
10.1055/s-0032-1301758 · 2012 · External reference
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Ogilvie's syndrome: management and outcomes
10.1097/md.0000000000011187 · 2018 · External reference
Nonhemorrhagic gastrointestinal complications in acute respiratory failure
10.1097/00003246-198908000-00007 · 1989 · External reference
Gut mucosal atrophy after a short enteral fasting period in critically ill patients
10.1016/s0883-9441(99)90017-5 · 1999 · External reference
Beneficial effect of a bile acid resin binder on enteral feeding induced diarrhea
10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00289.x · 1998 · External reference
The attributable mortality and length of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients
10.1186/cc1071 · 2001 · External reference
Prophylaxis against upper gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitalized patients
10.1056/nejmra1605507 · 2018 · External reference
Prevalence and outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid suppressants in acutely ill adult intensive care patients
10.1007/s00134-015-3725-1 · 2015 · External reference
Duodenogastroesophageal reflux and esophageal mucosal injury in mechanically ventilated patients
10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70492-0 · 1999 · External reference
Epidemiology of gastrointestinal bleeding in adult patients on extracorporeal life support
10.1007/s00134-015-4006-8 · 2015 · External reference
Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
10.1056/nejm199402103300601 · 1994 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials
10.1007/s00134-017-5005-8 · 2018 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
10.1186/s13054-016-1305-6 · 2016 · External reference
Stress ulcer prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors or histamin-2 receptor antagonists in adult intensive care patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
10.1007/s00134-019-05526-z · 2019 · External reference
Stress ulcer prophylaxis in intensive care unit patients receiving enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1186/s13054-017-1937-1 · 2018 · External reference
10.1186/cc9312
10.1186/cc9312 · External reference
10.1002/14651858.cd008687.pub2
10.1002/14651858.cd008687.pub2 · External reference
Pantoprazole in Patients at Risk for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the ICU
10.1056/nejmoa1714919 · 2018 · External reference
10.1136/bmj.l6744
10.1136/bmj.l6744 · External reference
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Exocrine pancreatic involvement in critically ill patients
10.1097/mco.0b013e328322437e · 2009 · External reference
Propofol-induced hyperamylasaemia in a general intensive care unit
10.1177/0310057x0703500610 · 2007 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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The association of primary hyperparathyroidism with pancreatitis
10.1097/mcg.0b013e31825c446c · 2012 · External reference
10.1177/000313480106700303
10.1177/000313480106700303 · External reference
Analysis of hyperamylasemia in patients with severe head injury
10.1016/0022-4804(87)90075-8 · 1987 · External reference
Nonspecific hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia in diabetic ketoacidosis: incidence and correlation with biochemical abnormalities
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03279.x · 2000 · External reference
Pancreatic enzyme elevations in children with diabetic ketoacidosis
10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.03.050 · 2004 · External reference
Association of diabetic ketoacidosis and acute pancreatitis: observations in 100 consecutive episodes of DKA
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03188.x · 2000 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Clinical significance of increased lipase levels on admission to the ICU
10.1378/chest.127.1.246 · 2005 · External reference
Elevated amylase and lipase levels in the neurosurgery intensive care unit
10.1016/s1726-4901(10)70015-0 · 2010 · External reference
Acute acalculous cholecystitis and cardiovascular disease: a land of confusion
10.1007/s40477-015-0176-z · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Unresolved reference
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Unresolved reference
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Acute acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill patients
10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.00426.x · 2004 · External reference
Acute acalculous cholecystitis: a review
10.1016/j.cgh.2009.08.034 · 2010 · External reference
Acute acalculous cholecystitis associated with systemic sepsis and visceral arterial hypoperfusion: a case series and review of pathophysiology
10.1023/a:1026118320460 · 2003 · External reference
Experimental study on the pathogenesis of acute acalculous cholecystitis, with special reference to the roles of microcirculatory disturbances, free radicals and membrane-bound phospholipase A2
10.1007/bf02781681 · 1991 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis
10.1186/s13017-020-00336-x · 2020 · External reference
Acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically ill: risk factors and surgical strategies
10.1007/s00423-014-1267-6 · 2015 · External reference
10.12688/f1000research.14886.1
10.12688/f1000research.14886.1 · External reference
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage
10.1016/j.giec.2017.11.006 · 2018 · External reference
Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder stenting for recurrent acute acalculous cholecystitis after failed endoscopic attempt
10.1007/s00534-005-0989-9 · 2005 · External reference
Endoscopic gallbladder drainage of patients with acute cholecystitis
10.1055/s-2007-966335 · 2007 · External reference
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