Research graph
References from Thyroid Eye Disease in the Teprotumumab Era: A Narrative Review of Expanding the Therapeutic Window Beyond Disease Activity. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Thyroid eye disease: epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors
10.1097/iop.0000000000002467 · 2023 · External reference
Thyroid eye disease (Graves’ orbitopathy): clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management
10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00066-x · 2025 · External reference
An overview of thyroid eye disease
10.1186/s40662-014-0009-8 · 2014 · External reference
Smoking and endocrine ophthalmopathy: impact of smoking severity and current vs lifetime cigarette consumption
10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.8220832.x · 1996 · External reference
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy
10.1097/iop.0000000000002555 · 2023 · External reference
The psychosocial and clinical outcomes of orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease and predictors of change in quality of life
10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.030 · 2015 · External reference
Development of a disease specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy: the GO-QOL
10.1136/bjo.82.7.773 · 1998 · External reference
Pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease: review and update on molecular mechanisms
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307399 · 2016 · External reference
Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
10.1210/er.2018-00066 · 2019 · External reference
Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
10.1056/nejmoa1614949 · 2017 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of teprotumumab in patients with thyroid eye disease of long duration and low disease activity
10.1210/clinem/dgad637 · 2023 · External reference
Teprotumumab efficacy, safety, and durability in longer-duration thyroid eye disease and re-treatment: OPTIC-X study
10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.10.017 · 2022 · External reference
THRIVE: a phase 3, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of veligrotug for active thyroid eye disease
10.1016/j.ophtha.2026.04.022 · 2026 · External reference
B cells in Graves' orbitopathy: more than just a source of antibodies?
10.1038/s41433-018-0285-y · 2019 · External reference
Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach
10.1136/bjo.73.8.639 · 1989 · External reference
The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy
10.1530/eje-21-0479 · 2021 · External reference
Management of thyroid eye disease: a consensus statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association
10.1089/thy.2022.0251 · 2022 · External reference
Evaluating Graves' orbitopathy
10.1016/j.beem.2011.11.007 · 2012 · External reference
Selenium and the course of mild Graves' orbitopathy
10.1056/nejmoa1012985 · 2011 · External reference
Challenges and perspectives of selenium supplementation in Graves' disease and orbitopathy
10.1007/s42000-019-00133-5 · 2020 · External reference
Mycophenolate plus methylprednisolone versus methylprednisolone alone in active, moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy (MINGO): a randomised, observer-masked, multicentre trial
10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30020-2 · 2018 · External reference
Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease
10.1056/nejmoa1910434 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease: early response is not required for benefit
10.1038/s41433-021-01539-5 · 2022 · External reference
The rate of re-treatment in patients treated with teprotumumab: a multicenter study of 119 patients with 1 year of follow-up
10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.018 · 2025 · External reference
Long-term efficacy of teprotumumab in thyroid eye disease: follow-up outcomes in three clinical trials
10.1089/thy.2023.0656 · 2024 · External reference
Proptosis regression after teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease
10.1097/iop.0000000000002531 · 2024 · External reference
Extended long-term follow-up of proptosis regression after teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease
10.1097/iop.0000000000003197 · 2026 · External reference
Expert consensus on the use of teprotumumab for the management of thyroid eye disease using a modified-Delphi approach
10.1097/wno.0000000000001560 · 2022 · External reference
Glycemic trends in patients with thyroid eye disease treated with teprotumumab in 3 clinical trials
10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.01.023 · 2024 · External reference
A prospective study examining audiometry outcomes following teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease
10.1089/thy.2023.0466 · 2024 · External reference
Longitudinal glycemic outcomes in patients with thyroid eye disease treated with teprotumumab
10.1097/iop.0000000000003126 · 2026 · External reference
Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-resistant Graves orbitopathy: a randomized clinical trial
10.1016/j.ajo.2018.07.038 · 2018 · External reference
Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease
10.1002/14651858.cd012984.pub2 · 2018 · External reference
Rituximab in the treatment of thyroid eye disease: a review
10.3109/01658107.2015.1039140 · 2015 · External reference
Orbital radiation for thyroid eye disease: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology
10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.10.025 · 2022 · External reference
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: demographics, risk factors, investigations, and management outcomes
10.4103/ijo.ijo_719_22 · 2022 · External reference
Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: a narrative review
10.1016/j.jtos.2022.02.001 · 2022 · External reference
Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease
10.1002/14651858.cd012984.pub2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Challenges and perspectives of selenium supplementation in Graves' disease and orbitopathy
10.1007/s42000-019-00133-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-resistant Graves orbitopathy: a randomized clinical trial
10.1016/j.ajo.2018.07.038 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Evaluating Graves' orbitopathy
10.1016/j.beem.2011.11.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: a narrative review
10.1016/j.jtos.2022.02.001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The psychosocial and clinical outcomes of orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease and predictors of change in quality of life
10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.030 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Teprotumumab efficacy, safety, and durability in longer-duration thyroid eye disease and re-treatment: OPTIC-X study
10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.10.017 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Orbital radiation for thyroid eye disease: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology
10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.10.025 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Glycemic trends in patients with thyroid eye disease treated with teprotumumab in 3 clinical trials
10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.01.023 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The rate of re-treatment in patients treated with teprotumumab: a multicenter study of 119 patients with 1 year of follow-up
10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
THRIVE: a phase 3, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of veligrotug for active thyroid eye disease
10.1016/j.ophtha.2026.04.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mycophenolate plus methylprednisolone versus methylprednisolone alone in active, moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy (MINGO): a randomised, observer-masked, multicentre trial
10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30020-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid eye disease (Graves’ orbitopathy): clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management
10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00066-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B cells in Graves' orbitopathy: more than just a source of antibodies?
10.1038/s41433-018-0285-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease: early response is not required for benefit
10.1038/s41433-021-01539-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Smoking and endocrine ophthalmopathy: impact of smoking severity and current vs lifetime cigarette consumption
10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.8220832.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Selenium and the course of mild Graves' orbitopathy
10.1056/nejmoa1012985 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
10.1056/nejmoa1614949 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease
10.1056/nejmoa1910434 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Management of thyroid eye disease: a consensus statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association
10.1089/thy.2022.0251 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A prospective study examining audiometry outcomes following teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease
10.1089/thy.2023.0466 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Long-term efficacy of teprotumumab in thyroid eye disease: follow-up outcomes in three clinical trials
10.1089/thy.2023.0656 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thyroid eye disease: epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors
10.1097/iop.0000000000002467 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Proptosis regression after teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease
10.1097/iop.0000000000002531 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy
10.1097/iop.0000000000002555 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Longitudinal glycemic outcomes in patients with thyroid eye disease treated with teprotumumab
10.1097/iop.0000000000003126 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Extended long-term follow-up of proptosis regression after teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease
10.1097/iop.0000000000003197 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Expert consensus on the use of teprotumumab for the management of thyroid eye disease using a modified-Delphi approach
10.1097/wno.0000000000001560 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach
10.1136/bjo.73.8.639 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of a disease specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy: the GO-QOL
10.1136/bjo.82.7.773 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease: review and update on molecular mechanisms
10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307399 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An overview of thyroid eye disease
10.1186/s40662-014-0009-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy and safety of teprotumumab in patients with thyroid eye disease of long duration and low disease activity
10.1210/clinem/dgad637 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
10.1210/er.2018-00066 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy
10.1530/eje-21-0479 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rituximab in the treatment of thyroid eye disease: a review
10.3109/01658107.2015.1039140 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: demographics, risk factors, investigations, and management outcomes
10.4103/ijo.ijo_719_22 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
