Abstract
A digital twin (DT) mirrors real-world systems and creates a virtual replica of devices, applications, or even humans. It enables real-time simulation, supervision, and fine-tuning by maintaining a continuous exchange of data among the tangible and digital environments. In cyberphysical systems (CPSs), DTs are used extensively as mirrors to monitor, analyze, and control the real systems. This chapter provides a DT-driven, five-layered architecture for CPSs. The DT architecture aims to provide a safe testing environment, predictive analysis, and risk-free validation. The five-layer DT architecture consists of physical, cyber, DT, synchronization, and experimental layers. This architecture can be applied across various domains, including manufacturing, healthcare, and smart city development. The testbed includes real-time communication protocols such as message queuing telemetry transport and open platform communications unified architecture for providing reliable data transfer, monitoring, and synchronization. The experimentation validation is reserved as future work; theoretical evaluation suggests that the architecture reduces the developmental cost and testing cost of CPSs, and minimizes the risk to physical components. This chapter lays the groundwork for developing hybrid digital testbeds for cyberphysical human systems and their efficient management.