Abstract
ABSTRACT
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) serve as physical cryptographic primitives that provide hardware‐level information protection. However, as PUFs shrink to smaller and more complex dimensions, they face increasing challenges in response accessibility and storage overhead. Here, we present a multi‐level, easily accessible PUFs based on gold random maze structures that enable information encryption without storing responses or keys. The mazes are formed through femtosecond‐laser‐induced localized plasmonic effects and Marangoni convection on gold near‐percolation films. The random morphologies support independent optical and electrical PUFs based on Au mazes. The microscale interconnects endowed with nanoscale structural characteristics allow on‐site acquisition of PUF responses and real‐time key generation during encryption with high security. We further demonstrate a high‐security and storage‐free encryption process on an integrated circuit platform, highlighting a path to shift from long‐term key storage models to next‐generation, on‐site security architectures.