Abstract
ABSTRACT
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics represents a critical global health challenge, demanding urgent alternative strategies to manage infections caused by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens such as
Acinetobacter baumannii
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Escherichia coli
, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. A promising approach to address this problem involves the use of combination therapies, in which plant‐derived natural products represent an important reservoir of bioactive compounds with the potential to act as effective adjuvants, restoring or enhancing antibiotic efficacy. In this study, the ethanolic extract of
Mouriri elliptica
(EME) leaves was investigated for its antimicrobial and synergistic potential. EME showed moderate inhibitory activity against both standard and MDR strains, with the most significant effect against
A. baumannii
(MIC 78.1–312.5 µg/mL). Synergistic interactions were observed with conventional antibiotics, particularly ciprofloxacin against
K. pneumoniae
, reducing MIC values up to fifteen‐fold, and with ampicillin against
E. coli
and
S. aureus
. The extract also inhibited biofilm formation, with 68% inhibition for
E. coli
at 500 µg/mL and 72.04% for
S. aureus
at 250 µg/mL, with atomic force microscopy images corroborating these findings. LC‐MS profiling identified 41 compounds, including chlorogenic acid derivatives, flavonoids, ellagic acid derivatives, and triterpenes. Acute toxicity evaluation in mice at 2000 mg/kg revealed no adverse effects. Collectively, these findings support the potential of
M. elliptica
as a natural antibacterial adjuvant for enhancing the effectiveness of selected antibiotics against MDR pathogens, warranting further chemical, mechanistic, and in vivo investigation.