Electroweak phase transition in SMEFT: gravitational wave and collider complementarity

A bstract We study the first-order electroweak phase transition (FO-EWPT) within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework induced by dimension-6 operators. Such phenomena can be probed independently via di -Higgs production at the collider experiments as well as via the detection of gravitational waves (GW). There are three (one) dimension-6 SMEFT operators that simultaneously modify the Higgs potential at tree (1-loop) level and contribute to the di -Higgs production at the hadron colliders. With di -Higgs production being suppressed at current LHC runs, we aim to probe this production at high luminosity (HL) and high energy (HE) runs of the LHC to achieve better sensitivity of dimension-6 SMEFT operators. The correlations among these operators are analyzed in the context of probing FO-EWPT, emphasizing the complementarity between future GW observations and upgraded LHC searches.