Abstract
Voiding dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease has been well described in male patients. Few studies detail voiding dysfunction in female Parkinson patients. Apparent differences between patients with Parkinson's subtypes have also not been sufficiently defined. The majority of female Parkinson patients who have urinary symptoms (>70%) will manifest symptomatic urgency with or without urge incontinence. The remaining patients will have mixed irritative and obstructive or purely obstructive symptoms. Urodynamic evaluation demonstrates detrusor hyperreflexia in 70%-80% of female patients. However, women with Parkinson-related syndromes demonstrate detrusor hypocontractility or areflexia in 20%-30% of cases. Electromyography reveals sphincteric dysfunction (pseudodyssynergia, bradykinesia) in 30%-50% of female Parkinson patients. Also, in patients with Parkinson-related syndromes a high prevalence of peripheral denervation can be documented on electromyographic study of the pelvic floor. Voiding dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease in female patients is complex and not always congruent with symptoms. Urodynamic evaluation is crucial to fully elucidate lower urinary tract dysfunction in female patients with Parkinson's and Parkinson-related disorders.