Major mental disorders in offspring of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome

Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder linked to metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities. Emerging evidence suggests maternal PCOS may also impact offspring neurodevelopment. This population-based cohort study investigates the association between maternal PCOS and the risk of major psychiatric disorders in offspring, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.Methods Using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 8,930 offspring of mothers with PCOS and 89,300 matched controls were followed from birth to 2011. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by board-certified psychiatrists. Cox regression analyses adjusted for demographics and parental psychiatric history were conducted.Results Offspring of mothers with PCOS had significantly higher risks of ASD (HR = 1.46), ADHD (HR = 1.39), and depression (HR = 1.36). No significant associations were observed for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Findings remained consistent in sensitivity analyses excluding parental psychiatric history.Conclusion Maternal PCOS is associated with increased risks of specific psychiatric disorders in offspring, particularly ASD and ADHD. These findings highlight the need for early identification and integrated care approaches that address both maternal metabolic and mental health to mitigate intergenerational psychiatric risks.