Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This systematic review summarized and synthesized the
in vitro
biological effects of resin composites (RCs) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to clarify their isolated cellular biocompatibility.
Materials and methods
A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed database using a PECOS framework to identify
in vitro
studies evaluating HGF responses to RCs. Two independent reviewers screened literature, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality (QUIN tool) and certainty of the evidence (GRADE framework).
Results
Thirty-eight studies comprising 185 distinct experiments across eight outcome measures were included. Marked heterogeneity was observed regarding RC composition (7 categories), specimen geometry, cell lines, and experimental durations. When evaluating cellular survival and damage independently, 27% of cytotoxicity experiments reported significant cell damage/death, while 45% of cell viability assays demonstrated a decreased metabolic activity. DNA damage was prominent, with 50% of 18 experiments reporting significant alterations. Significant increases occurred in reactive oxygen species production (71%) and inflammatory mediator release (62%). Conversely, 85% of morphology experiments showed no significant alterations. The overall certainty of evidence was graded as low to moderate.
Conclusion
Dental resin composites can induce notable, independent adverse biological responses in human gingival fibroblasts
in vitro
, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammatory mediator release, DNA damage, and compromised viability. While highlighting a clear potential for toxicity, the low-to-moderate certainty and lack of physiological simulations leave their direct clinical significance open to further investigation.
Clinical relevance
Synthesized evidence indicates that dental RCs exert moderate
in vitro
biological effects on gingival fibroblasts, including DNA-damage and inflammatory responses.