Abstract
Urban environments, particularly port cities, are exposed to overlapping environmental pressures from road and maritime transport. This study evaluates air quality and noise across ten monitoring locations in Split (Croatia), using short-duration field measurements collected between April and September 2024. A total of 154 port and 66 road observations were analysed for PM2.5, PM10, CO, and traffic intensity, while environmental noise was additionally measured only in the road corridor and supported by meteorological variables used for interpretation of results. Mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were higher in the port area (14.77 and 18.25 µg/m3) than in the road corridor (11.64 and 14.70 µg/m3), while mean CO was higher in the road corridor (5.20 versus 2.91 ppm). However, sampling-occasion comparisons were not statistically significant (p = 0.218, 0.227, and 0.505, respectively). Vessel count showed a statistically significant but weak association with PM₁₀ (R2 = 0.082, p 2 = 0.236, p 2.5 and PM10 (p < 0.001), while higher wind speed was associated with lower particulate concentrations. The estimated coarse particle fraction was similar between environments. The results indicate overlapping rather than uniquely attributable transport-source effects and demonstrate the potential utility of low-cost sensors for comparative, screening-level environmental monitoring in port-city environments.