Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the associations between family dynamics and parenting experiences among parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).Method
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling among 341 parents of children with NDDs recruited from special education institutions and public healthcare facilities. Data were collected via an online questionnaire comprising the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Parental Bonding Instrument, Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection Resolve Questionnaire, and Family Closeness and Adaptability Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression were performed to examine interrelationships among variables. Multicollinearity was assessed using variance inflation factors.Result
A total of 341 parents participated, reporting on children primarily diagnosed with developmental delay (DD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disabilities (ID). Correlation analyses revealed significant negative relationships between parenting stress and parenting style (r = -0.626, p Conclusion
Family functioning and family environment were associated with lower levels of parenting stress among parents of children with NDDs. The suppression effect observed for parenting efficacy suggests that its association with parenting stress may be influenced by the broader family context. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the temporal and directional relationships among these factors.