Histological and Immunohistological Findings Using Anti-Cortisol Antibody in Atopic Dermatitis with Topical Steroid Addiction

Introduction Though topical steroid addiction (TSA) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) has been recently discussed as a clinical problem, there are very few studies about its mechanism. The purpose of this study was to elucidate histological and immunohistological characteristics of TSA using anti-cortisol antibody.Methods Skin biopsy specimen from eight patients with AD was stained by anti-cortisol antibody (Biorbyt, orb79379). Subjects consisted of a child patient with a short history of topical corticosteroids (TCS) application, an adult patient with a long history of TCS application, and six adult patients who have experienced topical steroid withdrawal (TSW) and the rebound phenomenon.Results The staining in the epidermis by anti-cortisol antibody presented patchy defects in the child patient, the patient with a long history of TCS application, and two patients at the rebound period. Parakeratosis with poor formation of corneal layer was obvious in the child patient, the patient with a long history of TCS application, two patients recovered from TSA, and two patients at the rebound period.Conclusion Prolonged application of TCS might suppress the cortisol production of keratinocytes which is poorly developed at the early ages before childhood and completed naturally as to growth. Rebound phenomenon after TSW can occur due to the relative insufficiency of cortisol in the epidermis and the immature corneal layer formation.