Integrating environmental monitoring and bird attack prevention in fish farming: a combined solution for improved pond management

Abstract Fish farming plays a pivotal role in meeting the ever-increasing global demand for fish and seafood. Yet, fish farmers face formidable challenges in maintaining ideal water conditions and safeguarding their stock from avian predators. This research introduces a comprehensive solution that harnesses IoT technology, real-time monitoring, and bird deterrent mechanisms to heighten the efficiency of fish farming. Through IoT sensors, critical water parameters like temperature, pH, turbidity, and more are continuously monitored, providing real-time data accessible via an intuitive web application and SMS alerts. Motion detection, using passive inferred (PIR) based sensors, activates a water-spraying mechanism to repel birds and safeguard fish, thus eliminating the necessity for expensive and potentially harmful net enclosures. Our experiments underscore the system’s precision, with a mere 0.40 °C average temperature difference compared to traditional measurement tools. This integrated approach not only enhances sustainability and productivity but also reduces manual labour, minimizes losses, and preserves the environment, rendering fish farming more efficient and economically viable.