Abstract
Abstract Decentralized energy systems can significantly enhance living circumstances in remote areas without a grid connection. This paper formulates a hybrid renewable energy model for a rural Egyptian village. The system includes PV, wind, biomass generator, battery storage, and power converters. The reliability and efficiency of the system were conducted, with HOMER Pro attaining a loss of power supply probability (LPSP) of 0.0000% and a surplus energy percentage of 29.3827%. In comparison, CO and FVIM exhibited LPSPs of 1.4877% and 2.5724%, along with excess energy percentages of 5.9408% and 7.3600%, whilst SBOA demonstrated an LPSP of 2.6733% and an excess energy percentage of 7.3229%.SBOA reported a net present cost of $3,560,416.88, a cost of energy of $0.121 per kilowatt-hour, and annual greenhouse gas emissions of 688.122 tons. CO and FVIM achieved NPCs of $3,572,813.22 and $3,587,924.56, COEs of $0.123/kWh and $0.124/kWh, and emissions of 690.315 and 692.874 tons/year, respectively. HOMER Pro conducted $3,671,711 NPC, $0.1/kWh COE, and 11.016 tons/year GHG emissions, demonstrating the advantages of biomass-based systems for sustainable rural development.