Abstract
Abstract Background The main objective of this systematic review was to determine how traditional biomass energy utilization affects the socio-economic development of Ethiopian rural society. The techniques used in this systematic review were developed by combining and analyzing the results of empirical studies conducted throughout Ethiopia. Methods To find relevant material for this systematic review, a comprehensive search of scientific databases was conducted, including Web of Science, Journal of Citation Report, Scopus, Google Scholar, Citation Tracking, and Science Direct. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were mostly based on the papers' degree of relevance to the study topic, publishing year, and study area. The reviews that are taken into consideration have certain qualities, such as their relevance to the review's goal, their conduct within its parameters, and their publication in a peer-reviewed journal between 2012 and 2024. Various data were gathered and systematically reviewed, including the name and publication date of the author(s), the name of the journal, the type and category of the publication, the study settings, the methodology, and the main conclusions. To enhance the reliability and validity of the systematic review, the prisma2009 flow diagram was carefully used and only 18 of the 168 articles that were evaluated were chosen. Results Most rural societies depend on traditional biomass energy, which negatively affects health, economy, and environmental sustainability. Different factors are influencing why people are still utilizing biomass energy as a primary source, including low government intervention, no market access, disconnection from the grid, and Social culture and economic capacity of households. Conclusion In general, the government and non-governmental organizations must intervene by providing funds, market access, and alternative renewable energy sources to decrease the adverse effects of traditional biomass energy consumption on Ethiopian rural communities.