Harnessing the power of MXenes: a comprehensive exploration of their photocatalytic potential in mitigating hazardous dyes and CO2 reduction

Abstract This comprehensive review extensively explores the potential applications of MXenes as versatile materials in the realm of photocatalysis, with a specific focus on their efficacy in mitigating hazardous dyes and CO2 to less harmful and friendly by-products. The review systematically investigates the unique properties that render MXenes well-suited for photocatalytic purposes and provides a thorough examination of their current state of research. It meticulously summarizes the successes and breakthroughs achieved thus far, offering insights into the advancements that have propelled these materials into the spotlight of photocatalytic research. In addition to highlighting achievements, the review critically addresses the challenges and hurdles that impede the full realization of the potential inherent in MXenes. Here, we have also highlighted the stability problem of MXenes and how to overcome this problem for efficient photocatalysis. The mechanism of photocatalysis was also the main theme of this review article and how to overcome the recombination of photogenerated charges. By identifying these challenges, the review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, providing a roadmap for future endeavours to unlock the untapped capabilities of these materials. It serves as a beacon for environmental researchers, offering valuable insights into the pivotal role these materials can play in creating a more environmentally friendly and safe world. Ultimately, this review contributes significantly to the collective knowledge base and will prove instrumental for researchers and professionals dedicated to environmental protection and sustainable living. Graphical Abstract