Network capacity improvement in 5G by using dynamic fractional frequency reuse (FFR)

Abstract The FFR approach reduces interference between macrocells and small cells/femtocells, which are installed within macrocell’s range. Dense deployment and unplanned installation of small cells and femtocells has a detrimental impact on the performance of the system as a result of the interference. Thus, the FFR concept distributes resources to maintain interference. However, some small cells/femtocells may suffer from shortage resources. In this work, dynamic FFR mechanism has been proposed. The scheme maximizes small cell/femtocell network’s capacity. The strategy aims to boost small cell/femotcell network’s capacity and system throughput. The fundamental goal of this research is to maximize the dedicated radio resources, which are allocated to small cells/femtocells, based on a predetermined cost function. According to the cost function, which is computed for all sub-regions, the proposed dynamic FFR will allocate more radio resources to small cells/femtocells, which suffer from lack resources. The highest degree of the cost function of a certain sub-region would have the largest amount of small cells/femtocells. The sub-region with the lowest cost function would receive fewer radio resources for small cell/femtocell UEs. The throughput is utilized as a metric for the purpose of evaluating the proposed strategy. MATLAB simulation is conducted for that reason. The results show that the proposed technique outperforms the fixed FFR.