International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer (2023 version)

Abstract Purpose In recent years, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has gained widespread attention as an alternative approach. Although the safety and feasibility of NOSES have been well documented, many questions remain open for discussion. The aim of this guideline is to provide more evidence for the promotion of NOSES. Methods This guideline has been prepared by the CACA Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society and the International NOSES Alliance, based on the latest evidence. Results The guideline on NOSES for colorectal cancer include the definition, classification, technology requirement, indications, technical difficulties and clinical research. Conclusion The guideline provides a full introduction of the theoretical and technical aspects of NOSES for colorectal cancer which will beneficial to development of NOSES.