Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the role of adult literacy programs in empowering women living in the slums of Bangalore. Addressing a significant research gap, it examines changes in participants’ awareness of rights, education, economic opportunities, and living standards. The study primarily employed a qualitative approach, supported by quantitative methods. Sample consist of 200 women across four slums. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, achievement tests, and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that adult literacy programs empower women by improving literacy, numeracy, confidence, and awareness of rights. Participants valued education more and became active in family and community life. However, challenges like inflexible timings, short duration, lack of materials, and limited family support hinder sustained participation. The findings highlight that effective implementation requires stronger community outreach, targeted information campaigns, simplifying enrolment procedures and enhancing institutional coordination to increase participation and strengthen programme delivery.