The Tahitian chestnut [Inocarpus fagifer (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg, Fabaceae], a neglected multi-purpose tree from the Asia–Pacific region

Abstract The Tahitian (or Polynesian) chestnut Inocarpus fagifer is distributed widely in tropical South-East Asia and in the Pacific region. It is an important component in traditional agroforestry systems. However, its importance as a food plant has decreased considerably. There is no evidence that the species has ever been domesticated, nor that deliberate breeding and crop improvement is presently taking place. This article aims to provide an overview of the current status of knowledge about its distribution, biology, its past and current cultivation and use as a species in agroforestry systems, and to analyse its future potential for production, commercial use and plant improvement. Inocarpus fagifer grows in lowlands in coastal and near coastal areas, often along rivers. It often forms almost pure stands underneath the canopy trees. Inocarpus fagifer trees are very vigorous and shade-tolerant. They thrive in moist to wet soils. Nearly all parts of the tree have been used for multiple purposes including timber, medicine, and animal fodder. The seed has significant traditional importance as human food, and it plays an important role in the diets of rural communities, in particular during the crop harvesting season. Inocarpus fagifer is mostly disease-free. Reports about the commercial use of I. fagifer remain localised and largely anecdotal. The species retains a good potential for commercial development and for a wider commercial use as an alternative food source. No accessible genebank accessions are available. Fundamental questions on its marketability and genetic potential need to be answered.