Recent advances in platinum nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors and their applications

Abstract Within the realms of analytical and biological sciences, precisely detecting biomolecules through diverse biosensing modalities exhibiting superior selectivity, heightened sensitivity, robust stability, and high reproducibility is pivotal for advancing disease diagnostics, evaluating therapeutic responses, and enabling personalized medical interventions. Noble metal nanoparticles’ unique optical, catalytic, and surface electrochemical properties render them particularly promising for such applications. Among these, platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have garnered considerable attention for their extensive utility in detecting biologically relevant molecules, including hormones, glucose, and glutamic acid. Nonetheless, substantial challenges remain in bridging the gap between laboratory efficacy and practical deployment in real-world settings. In response to these persistent limitations and informed by our scientific perspective, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in Pt NP-based biosensing technologies while critically examining the prevailing barriers to their real-world integration. This study aims to furnish strategic insights and forward-looking recommendations for deploying Pt NP-based biosensors across medicine, agriculture, and food safety.