Electrochemical detection techniques and usage of nanoparticles in cancer detection

Abstract This paper reviews electrochemical detection techniques for cancer, focusing on the use of biomarkers and nanomaterials. The research explains that cancer, characterized by abnormal cell division, is often terminal in its late stages but treatable if detected early. However, conventional detection methods are often expensive, inaccessible, and have low sensitivity, leading to potential false negatives. This paper primarily highlights biosensors that utilize biomarkers as a promising, cost-effective alternative for early detection. The study examines various biosensor methods, including voltammetry, amperometry, and impedance-based techniques. It explores how biomarkers and nanomaterials enhance biosensor performance by generating and amplifying signals with higher sensitivity. The review also compares the advantages and limitations of different biomarkers and nanoparticles (NPs) and discusses recent advancements and future trends in electrochemical biosensors. The core objective is to optimize the selection of detection techniques and materials to fabricate electrochemical biosensors with a low overall manufacturing cost.