Beyond BMI: The diet-microbiome context of the obesity paradox

In Nature, Desharnais et al. show that in diverse mouse models, anti-PD-1 sensitivity is more closely linked to the diet-microbiome-metabolite ecosystem than to obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. Their findings reinforce body mass index (BMI) as an incomplete proxy for host biology and suggest strategies to improve anti-PD-1 efficacy without inducing obesity.