Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains highly morbid despite maximal safe resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, prompting the expansion of clinical investigation. This review examines 4 emerging therapeutic strategies for newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM that address major biological barriers to treatment: tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, antigen heterogeneity, and the blood-brain barrier. In a subset of patients, early clinical studies demonstrate promise; however, more evidence is necessary prior to its incorporation into the mainstay therapeutic landscape.