Abstract
Traditional bone drills often cause significant damage to bone tissue in practical applications. Surface texturing of cutting tools, with its friction-reducing and damage-inhibiting properties, has been widely used in the medical field. This paper designs grooved micro-textures on the rake face of a bone drill and systematically analyzes the mechanical and thermal damage to bone tissue under different bone chip fracture modes during drilling. Cutting force and heat source of the grooved microtextured tool are analyzed using cutting theory. Round bar samples with grooved micro-textures are prepared using laser processing technology, and the influence of grooved micro-texture geometry parameters on the tribological properties of the material is systematically studied through friction and wear experiments. Based on this, a bone drill with grooved micro-textures is designed, and its drilling performance under different bone chip fracture modes is comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the smaller the groove spacing and the larger the groove width, the lower the friction coefficient. The grooved micro-textures on the rake face of the bone drill can effectively guide the flow of bone chips, improve drilling stability, and reduce mechanical and thermal damage to bone tissue under different bone chip fracture modes during drilling. The clogging effect of the bone drill grooves is closely related to its bone chip fracture modes. This paper can provide support for the development of novel bone drills.